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It is also true, she said, that he tried to kill himself at one point. Fergie is horrified that [Donald] might have done something wrong at the office and the FO will be very angry when he returns. [62], In Lebanon, Philby at first lived in Mahalla Jamil, his father's large household located in the village of Ajaltoun, just outside Beirut. [45] A leading figure within the CIA was Philby's wary former colleague, James Jesus Angleton, with whom he once again found himself working closely. By the time he arrived in Turkey, three weeks later, Volkov had been removed to Moscow. When Britain declared war on Germany in September 1939, Philby's contact with his Soviet controllers was lost and Philby failed to attend the meetings that were necessary for his work. George Blake, who is still alive, got on well with him than with Philby. Following his debriefing in the US, Golitsyn was sent to SIS for further questioning. He hated London, adored Paris, and spoke of it with deeply loving affection. [34], During 194243, Philby's responsibilities were then expanded to include North Africa and Italy, and he was made the deputy head of Section Five under Major Felix Cowgill, an army officer seconded to SIS. It seemed a fitting finale for such a notable spy. Melinda walked out on her husband, leaving the children with Donald, and moved in with Philby. Clear rating. [3] St John was a member of the Indian Civil Service (ICS) and later a civil servant in Mesopotamia, and advisor to King Ibn Sa'ud of Saudi Arabia. "If he did not act at once it would be too late," the telegram read, "because [Philby] would send his car to the scrap heap. [46], In January 1950, on evidence provided by the Venona intercepts, Soviet atomic spy Klaus Fuchs was arrested. [70] The Dolmatova, a Soviet freighter bound for Odessa, had left Beirut that morning so abruptly that cargo was left scattered over the docks;[58] Philby claimed that he left Beirut on board this ship. They subsequently moved to Britain; however, as Philby assumed the role of a fascist sympathiser, they separated. [11][pageneeded], In February 1937, Philby travelled to Seville, Spain, then embroiled in a bloody civil war triggered by the coup d'tat of Falangist forces under General Francisco Franco against the democratic government of President Manuel Azaa. One of five siblings, he was born under a kitchen table during an air raid on London in World War II. He was a sad traitor. You should have seen his face.". [7][pageneeded], At Cambridge, Philby showed his "leaning towards communism," in the words of his father St John, who went on to write: "The only serious question is whether Kim definitely intended to be disloyal to the government while in its service. Little Donald said perhaps he had gone to India because that would be a good place to hide.. He valued his anonymity, but never changed his name from Philby. Philby resigned from MI6 in July 1951. They knew the risks they were running. In August 1956 he was sent to Beirut as a Middle East correspondent for The Observer and The Economist. Of the five, Philby is believed to have been most successful in providing secret information to the Soviets.[2]. The Macleans lived well, housed in a smart building overlooking the river, in a splendid six-room flat which they gradually filled with bric--brac and furniture shipped from home. On the strength of his knowledge and experience of Franco's Spain, Philby was put in charge of the subsection which dealt with Spain and Portugal. His office oversaw a large amount of urgent and top-secret communications between the United States and London. His controller in Paris, the Latvian Ozolin-Haskins (code name Pierre), was shot in Moscow in 1937 during Joseph Stalin's Great Purge. 1951Tips off fellow Cambridge Spy Donald Maclean that a warrant has been issued for his arrest. The next day she notified the British Consul in Geneva. But the rezident (Russian term for spymaster) in France, probably Pierre at this time, suggested to Moscow that he suspected Philby's motives. She was later sent to a Swiss clinic for treatment. In 1963 he was revealed to be a member of the Cambridge Five, a spy ring which had divulged British secrets to the Soviets during World War II and in the early stages of the Cold War. Harry St John Philby on his 1917 trek across the Arabian Peninsula, which he recorded in his 1922 book 'Heart of Arabia'. Harry George Philby Birth. To order a copy for 15, visit mailshop.co.uk/ books or call 0844 571 0640. [58] Another meeting was scheduled to take place in the last week of January. It was ten years before he was given a minor role in the training of KGB recruits. there is a new book on the shelves, a fictional account of philby and his recruitment when he went to vienna austria, then returning to Britain to carry out his duties. In a written statement, they admitted they had been Communists since their Cambridge days and disingenuously described themselves as political refugees, not spies. By IAN ALLEN | intelNews.org | After Philby defected to the Soviet Union in 1963, Eleanor visited him in Moscow. The head of MI6, Dick White, only recently transferred from MI5, had suspected Philby as the "third man". When her brother-in-law, Alan Maclean, asked her whether she would join Donald if she knew for sure that he was behind the Iron Curtain, she gave a firm No. He trained Albanian commandossome of whom were former Nazi collaboratorsin Libya or Malta. [74] When the news broke, MI6 came under criticism for failing to anticipate and block Philby's defection, though Elliott was to claim he could not have prevented Philby's flight. This entailed responsibility for a network of undercover operatives in several cities such as Madrid, Lisbon, Gibraltar and Tangier. Solomon introduced Philby to the woman who would become Philby's second wife, Aileen Furse. He and his sister Josephine were flown to Moscow by the Russians for his father's funeral in 1988. When the Germans threatened to overrun Paris in 1940, where she was then living at this time, Philby arranged for Friedmann's escape to Britain. Filed under A specialized intelligence website written by experts, since 2008 He used a simpler system for MI6, delivering post at Hendaye, France, for the British embassy in Paris. In 1968, she returned to Maclean. Burgess' defection to Moscow with Maclean in 1951 cast suspicion on Philby snr. In his early teens, he spent some time with the Bedouin in the desert of Saudi Arabia. This statement was underlined twice in red and marked with two question marks, clearly indicating their confusion and questioning of this, by disbelieving staff at Moscow Central in the Lubyanka, according to Genrikh Borovik, who saw the telegrams much later in the KGB archives. [75], Upon his arrival in Moscow in January 1963, Philby discovered that he was not a colonel in the KGB, as he had been led to believe. His birth fell on Armistice day four years. For some 30 years he was an adviser to King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia. Once hed gone, she rode out the public furore, the door-stepping journalists, the MI5 questioning, the abuse and insinuations, the bullying of her sons at school. Jun 27, 2019. Photograph: Daily Mail/Rex Features, MI5missed early chance to expose Soviet agent Kim Philby, files reveal, Charlotte Philby: We visited Kim in Moscow, Love and Deception: Philby in Beirut by James Hanning review the spy who loved, maybe, ASplinter of Ice review Graham Greene and Kim Philby clink glasses, Graham Greenes showdown with Soviet spy Kim Philby: A Splinter of Ice review, KimPhilby: new revelations about spy emerge in secret files, George Blake exemplified the desolation, waste and treachery of the cold war, Moscow names square after British double agent Kim Philby, Athriller of spies and betrayal: by Kim Philbys granddaughter. Burgess predeceased him by 20 years, carried off by angina, an abused liver and hardening of the arteries. Harry St John Philby was devastated to not become the first westerner to cross the Empty Quarter. Date of birth/Age: Jan 16, 2000 (23) Citizenship . [73] On 30 July, Soviet officials announced that they had granted him political asylum in the USSR, along with Soviet citizenship. Two years later, a Sunday Times correspondent was in Moscow and about to pack his bags after an unsuccessful attempt to interview the Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev, when, out of the blue, he was invited to a room in his hotel. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. He didn't seem to mind. [24], In 1940, on the recommendation of Burgess, Philby joined MI6's Section D, a secret organisation charged with investigating how enemies might be attacked through non-military means. Hed been worried about leaving her and their children to carry on without him, but shed given him the all-clear to go. Working from genuine unclassified and public CIA or US State Department documents, Philby inserted "sinister" paragraphs regarding US plans. Guarded night and day by KGB troops, and rigorously de-briefed to make sure they were not double agents, to all intents and purposes they were under house arrest. [11][pageneeded], A more serious incident occurred in August 1945, when Konstantin Volkov, an NKVD agent and vice-consul in Istanbul, requested political asylum in Britain for himself and his wife. [11][pageneeded], Philby provided Stalin with advance warning of Operation Barbarossa and of the Japanese intention to strike into southeast Asia instead of attacking the Soviet Union as Hitler had urged. [44] She was sent to a clinic in Switzerland to recover. He said "It was a very dirty storybut after all our work does imply getting dirty hands from time to time but we do it for a cause that is not dirty in any way". But though his love affair with the cause never wavered, his love affair with Melinda did. Most intelligence historians believe that Philby was almost single-handedly responsible for the deaths of dozens even hundreds of Western intelligence officers and agents who perished during the Cold War while on missions in the USSR and Eastern Europe. [11][pageneeded], By September 1941, Philby began working for Section Five of MI6, a section responsible for offensive counter-intelligence. Their fifth child, Harry George, was born in 1950. There, a porter recalled taking their luggage to a waiting car with Salzburg number plates which drove off towards Vienna. But he also did it to impress her. "[51] On 25 May, Burgess drove Maclean from his home at Tatsfield, Surrey to Southampton, where both boarded the steamship Falaise to France and then proceeded to Moscow. I liked her determination. His cover story was that he was a political migr, a trade union leader persecuted in England for his political views. Philby's less attractive personal qualities were matched by a charm to which many of his MI6 colleagues succumbed. In 1949 Philby was appointed first secretary to the British Embassy in Washington and served as chief British liaison with American intelligence agencies. Registered office: 1 London Bridge Street, SE1 9GF. He spent the rest of his professional life as a self-employed joiner. Modrzhinskaya concluded that all were double agents, working essentially for the British. [14] Philby later recalled: Lizzy came home one evening and told me that she had arranged for me to meet a "man of decisive importance". The son, too, embraced left-wing politics and joined the Young Socialists when he was 17, after he enrolled at the Hornsey School of Art to study painting and sculpture. death death: 1988-05-11. manner of death: Natural Causes cause of death: Myocardial Infarction. ", "John le Carr, The Art of Fiction No. [36][37] Charles Arnold-Baker, an officer of German birth (born Wolfgang von Blumenthal) working for Richard Gatty in Belgium and later transferred to the Norwegian/Swedish border, voiced many suspicions of Philby and Philby's intentions but was ignored time and time again.[5]. [5] He also began working for both the Soviet and British intelligence, which usually consisted of posting letters in a crude code to a fictitious girlfriend, Mlle Dupont in Paris, for the Russians. [58] He and Eleanor divorced and she departed Moscow in May 1965. Philby had repeated his claim that there were no such agents. And Larry Wu Tai Chin almost singlehandedly prolonged the duration of the Korean War by two years. Colonel David Smiley, an aristocratic Guards officer who had helped Enver Hoxha and his Communist guerillas to liberate Albania, now prepared to remove Hoxha. [33] Thanks to British counter-intelligence efforts, of which Philby's Iberian subsection formed a significant part, the project (Abwehr code-name Bodden) never came to fruition. In 1964 when he was 20, the young Philby was fined 15 and placed on probation for two years for stealing, with two friends, a radio, alcohol, cigarettes and cash valued in all at 75 from a sports pavilion at Greenwich. I discovered much later from a photograph in MI5 files that the name he went by was Arnold Deutsch. He became more optimistic once the family was deemed fully rehabilitated and they moved to Moscow in 1955. Wages and incomes of the population. (LogOut/ Harry Montague Philby was born in month 1857, at birth place, to Henry Adams Philby and Mary Philby (born Bridger). He reported to the Soviet NKVD from the Spanish civil war under the guise of a correspondent for the Times, and in 1940 joined the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS, or MI6), becoming a double agent and passing many secrets to the Kremlin. [61], It is unclear whether Philby had been alerted, but Eleanor noted that as 1962 wore on, expressions of tension in his life "became worse and were reflected in bouts of deep depression and drinking". Shortly after the extent of Philby's penetration was publicised in October. [71] However, others maintain that he escaped through Syria, overland to Soviet Armenia and thence to Russia. He was 65. [35] In early 1944, as it became clear that the Soviet Union was likely to once more prove a significant adversary to Britain, SIS re-activated Section Nine, which dealt with anti-communist efforts. "Once, a big group of us were on a trip on the Volga: Kim and I and, of course, his KGB escort, and the escort's daughter. Without Club Last club: Basingstoke Most games for: Reading U18 Without Club since: Dec 22, 2018 . Years later, Philby snr told his son that Burgess had kept his standard-issue KGB revolver and camera hidden under the boy's bed. '', he would reply: ''Oh yes, I'm his son.''. In contrast to Blake, Philby and Burgess and to a less extent Maclean suffered from nostalgia for Britain. She made some calculations and announced, "That will leave you an excess of 25. Her mood changed, though, with Stalins death in March 1953 and the prospect that the Soviet Union might now become a more open place. [58] This retraction came about when Philby was officially cleared by Foreign Secretary Harold Macmillan on 7 November. The rendezvous took place in Regents Park. And while on holiday in Majorca, she gave away a lot of her clothes to the maid of a family she was staying with. 149", "Up on the Catwalk Lyrics Simple Minds", The Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5, Stalin's Englishman: The Lives of Guy Burgess, Annotated bibliography of the Philby Affair, File release: Cold War Cambridge spies Burgess and Maclean, "Kim Philby: The Spy Who Loved Me" by Charlotte Philby, 12 June 2018, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kim_Philby&oldid=1139360835, Belgian comic authors Olivier Neuray and Valerie Lemaire wrote a series of three historical comics entitled "Les Cinq de Cambridge" involving Kim Philby. Eventually, Tommy visited Kim five times in Moscow in the 1970s. He testified before the Dies Committee (later to become the House Un-American Activities Committee) regarding Soviet espionage within the US. In her absence, Philby had begun an affair with Donald Maclean's wife, Melinda. But Maclean sobered up and went cold turkey in a detoxification clinic. Alasdair Soussi. But for intelligence history aficionados it marked the 50th anniversary of the escape to Moscow of notorious double spy Harold Adrian Russell Philby. Director Susan Johnson Writers Kara Holden (screenplay by) Caren Lissner (based on the novel by) Stars Bel Powley Nathan Lane Scott Keiji Takeda See production, box office & company info Watch on Netflix While working as a senior member of British intelligence, he spied on behalf of the Soviet NKVD and KGB from the early 1930s until his defection. Harry St. John Philby, () 3.73 avg rating 11 ratings. He was known to have been friends with the brazenly gay and immoderate Burgess, who had lived for a time in Philby's house on Nebraska Avenue in Washington. he was an agent of two services, namely MI5 and the Abwehr. When visiting Paris after the war, he was shocked to discover that the address that he used for Mlle Dupont was that of the Soviet embassy. He had been ordered to investigate Maclean, another double agent who had been passing British secrets to the Soviets. JOHN Philby, the eldest son of Soviet spy Kim Philby, who was a double agent and the notorious Third Man in the Cambridge spy ring of the 1930s, has died in England. Philby's work led to the deaths of dozens of British agents, making him a reviled traitor once he was exposed in Britain. Another effort was made using a Turkish gulet for a seaborne landing, but it never left port. She put the two boys into the International School in Geneva and finally explained to them what had happened to their father, reporting to her sister that their worst fear seems to be that I might vanish too. His ashes were brought back to England, as he had requested, and buried in his parents grave after dark and by torchlight so that the press would not get wind of it. Maclean seemed totally at one with Soviet ways and believed to his death that the USSR and its new society has a much better prospect than the old of overcoming the major ills and injustices of our civilisation. Most infiltrators were caught by the Sigurimi, the Albanian Security Service. Harry St. John Bridger Philby, 1885-1960, British explorer, official, and author. With his brilliant mind and First from Cambridge, Maclean could bask in being the superior intellect to an under-educated, attractive woman who was both affectionate and popular, where he was withdrawn, giving nothing of himself away. Following Aileen Philby's death in 1957 and Eleanor's subsequent divorce from Brewer, Philby and Eleanor were married in London in 1959 and set up house together in Beirut. The comments below have not been moderated, By [5], Kim Philby, memorandum in Security Service Archives (1963). Roland Philipps For The Daily Mail While working as a senior member of British intelligence, he spied on behalf of the Soviet NKVD and KGB from the early 1930s until his defection. Philby himself thought this might have been the case. "He once even said that it was the easiest way to bring life to an end. Melinda, now officially Natasha Frazer, hated Kuybyshev, which she found very primitive, and for a while Donald was depressed and disillusioned by the reality of Soviet Russia. Given all that Melinda had gone through, the pity she had had to accept and the dissembling she had had to practise, that first meeting overseen by Soviet officials was a strained affair. In fact, Philby and Maclean's fellow spy, Burgess, were intimate friends; tipped off by Philby, who organised their defection, they fled to Moscow. Certain aspects of Soviet life did indeed disappoint Philby, with his wife claiming he was "particularly irritated by Brezhnev". [11][pageneeded] On a short trip back from Spain, Philby tried to recruit Flora Solomon as a Soviet agent; she was the daughter of a Russian banker and gold dealer, a relative of the Rothschilds, and wife of a London stockbroker. The intercepted messages revealed that the British Embassy source (identified as "Homer") travelled to New York City to meet his Soviet contact twice a week. Aileen died in 1957, when Tommy was just 11 years old; his contact with his father was cut off as soon as the double spy defected to the USSR in January 1963. The news that Philby, a former MI6 officer, had been spying for the Russians since 1933 sounded an alarm in Whitehall. [4][5], Nicknamed "Kim" after the boy-spy in Rudyard Kipling's novel Kim,[3] Philby attended Aldro preparatory school, an all-boys school located in Shackleford near Godalming in Surrey, England, United Kingdom. His wife Eleanor joined him in Moscow, and the Philbys and the Macleans spent a lot of time together, going to the ballet or just having dinner and playing bridge. This mistake made it possible to break the normally impregnable code. As for Melinda the central figure in the circle of loyalty and secrecy, desertion and reconciliation, love and solitariness that was the human drama of Donald Macleans life she lived well into her 90s before dying in New York in 2010, silent to the end about her years with one of Britains most infamous traitors. Half sister of Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby. He briefly reported from Cherbourg and Brest, sailing for Plymouth less than 24 hours before France surrendered to Germany in June 1940. Will former US government informant face terror charges inIndia. Death. With the goal of potentially arranging Franco's assassination, Philby was instructed to report on vulnerable points in Franco's security and recommend ways to gain access to him and his staff. 4 Comments. He later wrote "she had got a tantalising scrap of information about a young English journalist whom the Soviet intelligence had sent to Spain during the Civil War. His father Harold ''Kim'' Philby was a product of the British ruling class but, like his own eccentric father, the explorer and Arabist St John Philby, contemptuous of it. The two men said very little and the interview lasted barely five minutes. harry george philby - dudley thomas philby Posted on by John Philby, who has died aged 65, was the eldest son of the Russian spy Kim Philby, unmasked in 1963 as a double agent and the notorious Third Man in the Cambridge spy ring of the 1930s, The spy who loved me: Charlotte Philby returns to Moscow Harry George Philby "" ( : Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby ; 1 1912 - 11 1988) . By [83] Philby claimed publicly in January 1988 that he did not regret his decisions and that he missed nothing about England except some friends, Colman's mustard and Lea & Perrins Worcestershire sauce. Philby was of course not a double spy or a double agent. The Anglo-German Fellowship, at this time, was supported both by the British and German governments, and Philby made many trips to Berlin. There, a tall man in a blue suit and red bow-tie held out his hand and said: I am Donald Maclean. With him in the room was Guy Burgess. Source for information on Philby, Harry St. John Bridger: The Columbia . [67] When Nicholas Elliott met Philby in late 1962, the first time since Golitsyn's defection, he found Philby too drunk to stand and with a bandaged head; he had fallen repeatedly and cracked his skull on a bathroom radiator, requiring stitches. Chicago-born Melinda, whom he married in France in 1940, knew all along that Donald was a spy. Philby had been briefed on the situation shortly before reaching Washington in 1949; it was clear to Philby that the agent was Donald Maclean, who worked in the British Embassy at the time and whose wife, Melinda, lived in New York. (. But, after a silence of nearly five years, here was the first actual sighting and confirmation that the runaways were alive. A more serious threat to Philby's position had come to light. After leaving Cambridge, Philby worked as a journalist, covering the Spanish Civil War and the Battle of France. Speaking on the anniversary of his late fathers defection, he described him as a very kind man and a very good father, who had his belief [in] communism [and] carried it out. Philby or his Russian bosses dreamed up this claim so he would not be seen as a traitor to democratic Britain. He did a lot with us., Philby was sent to Beirut in 1956 to work for The Observer, leaving his children in London, after being. In December 1937, during the Battle of Teruel, a Republican shell hit just in front of the car in which Philby was travelling with the correspondents Edward J. Neil of the Associated Press, Bradish Johnson of Newsweek, and Ernest Sheepshanks[21] of Reuters. Barclay reported the complaint to London. It has since been suggested that the whole confrontation with Elliott had been a charade to convince the KGB that Philby had to be brought back to Moscow, where he could serve as a British penetration agent of Moscow Centre. On 23 May, concerned that Maclean had not yet fled, Philby wired Burgess, ostensibly about his Lincoln convertible abandoned in the Embassy car park. In time, details emerged of their lives after they defected. Even after Philby's departure from MI6, speculation[who?] "But he never got aggressive, and just went to bed. OX2 6JF 1 Reference code: GB165-0229 Title: Harry St John Philby Collection Name of creator: Philby, Harry St John Bridger (1885-1960) Explorer and Orientalist Dates of creation of material: c1902-1957 Level of description: Fonds Extent: 89 boxes Biographical history: PHILBY, Harry St John Bridger (1885-1960) Then, of course, there was Kim Philby's own children. [27] His time at Section D, however, was short-lived; the "tiny, ineffective, and slightly comic" section[28] was soon absorbed by the Special Operations Executive (SOE) in the summer of 1940. In 1965, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. Born in Rotterdam, George was the son of Albert Behar, a Turkish-born Sephardic Jew, and his wife, Catherine (nee Beijderwellen), a Dutch Protestant. LONDON Kim Philby, called the "spy of the century" because of his work for the Soviet Union while a senior officer in British intelligence, died Wednesday in Moscow, the Foreign Office said. In 1946, Philby arranged a divorce from Litzi. The difference between the two concepts is important, as the information position of the two categories is rather different. Halfway there, they switched cars and drove to a small airport in the Soviet zone of Austria. The two-drink tradition remained but in time there was no longer a need to hide the bottle, she added. And here she was plunked down in my midst! She lived separately from Philby, settling with their children in Crowborough while he lived first in London and later in Beirut. 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