why is hearing impaired a slurwhy is hearing impaired a slur

Background: A language researcher introduced the term audism in 1975, according to Britannica, which defines it as people who continually judge deaf peoples intelligence and success on the basis of their ability in the language of the hearing culture. It also appears when deaf people themselves actively participate in the oppression of other deaf people by demanding of them the same set of standards, behavior, and values that they demand of hearing people. The term reemerged in the 1990s and is generally accepted today. Its proper name is major depressive disorder. The institute says that related diagnoses include seasonal affective disorder (characterized by the onset of depression during the winter months), psychotic depression (a combination of psychosis and depression), and postpartum depression (sometimes experienced by mothers after giving birth). AA is unaffiliated with any outside organizations or institutions and does not endorse, finance or oppose any causes. Instead, state the nature of the disability or injury. Many times, though, the cause of a seizure is unknown.. Some organizations suggest avoiding the terms demented, dementing, dements, senile or senility to refer to someone with dementia. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having OCD only if the information is relevant to the story and youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. They recommend color vision deficiency.. AP style:The style book defers to the National Association of the Deaf, stating: Hearing-impaired was a well-meaning term that is not accepted or used by many deaf and hard of hearing people.. NCDJ Recommendation: Ask people how they would like to be described. Background: Amputation refers to the removal of a bodily extremity, usually during a surgical operation, for a variety of reasons, according to Johns Hopkins Medicine.People who have undergone an amputation are commonly referred to as amputees, but the term may be offensive and often is not used correctly. It might be Easy English. These same considerations apply when covering other 12-step programs, such as Narcotics Anonymous or Gamblers Anonymous. AP style: The style book suggests using the term survivor with care because it can be imprecise, among other reasons. AP style: Not specifically addressed, but the style book refers to mental health professional in an entry on mental illness. Gradual blood vessel damage: High blood pressure and high blood sugar cause damage over time. Amy Silverman, NCDJ advisory board member. AP style: Although there is no entry for service animal, the style book takes note of the Seeing Eye dog trademark and says guide dog is prefered in all references. WebApraxia. With identity-first language, the disability is mentioned first. Its best to avoid using clean and dirty with regard to drug test results, according to the Center for Substance Abuse and Treatment. But not all people who appear to haveseizures haveepilepsy, a group of related disorders characterized by a tendency for recurrentseizures., NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having epilepsy only if the information is relevant to the story and if youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. Instead, deafness is often considered a culture. The terms are considered derogatory because they equate symptoms of illness to filth. Instead, always try to specify the type of disability being referenced. Slurred speech without alcohol is linked to a variety of AP style: Disabled is described as a general term for a physical, mental, developmental or intellectual disability. Even in the case of a direct quote, consider how offensive the term is and include the historical context if possible. Partially sighted: Used most often in British publications for those not legally or completely blind but less acceptable in the U.S. Visually impaired: Similar to the term . Others prefer hard of hearing. It is best to ask your sources what they prefer. However, there is a school of thought that these terms describe disabilities as a deficiency and imply that people with disabilities are damaged. Another commonly used term is twice exceptional or 2E, which refers to a child with a disability who also is diagnosed as gifted. Although technology is making it easier for libraries to provide effective NCDJ Recommendation: Use the words psychotic and psychosis only when they accurately describe a medical experience. (The proper terminology in the United Kingdom is Downs syndrome). The center recommends against using the term harelip as it is anatomically incorrect and stigmatizing. In some cases, the word typical can be used to describe a non-disabled condition, although be aware that some in the disability community object to its use. Earwax impaction is another culprit. NCDJ Recommendation: Hard of hearing is almost always acceptable. Seizure types vary by where and how they begin in the brain. It is interchangeably referred to as Tourette syndrome, Tourettes syndrome and Tourettes disorder. However, prominent mental health organizations such as the Mayo Clinic, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Tourette Syndrome Association, refer to it as Tourette syndrome.. We also will include some guidance in individual entries here but again, we encourage you to confirm on a case-by-case basis. To become an interpreter, an individual must not only display bilingual and bicultural proficiency but also have the ability to mediate meanings across languages and cultures, both simultaneously and consecutively. It often is caused by a spinal cord or brain injury and is characterized by the loss of sensory and motor function. Dont say that an awards show, for example, was schizophrenic.. Avoid saying a person suffers from or is afflicted with the disease. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid using the terms high functioning and low functioning. Instead, use medical diagnoses and describe an individuals abilities and challenges, rather than using less-specific labels. NCDJ Recommendation: The terms deafblind, deafblindness, deaf-blind and deaf-blindness are all acceptable. Many prefer people-first language, such as a person with quadriplegia rather than quadriplegic, since the latter implies that the condition defines them. Background: Quadriplegia is defined as the paralysis of all four limbs as well as the torso. Earwax buildup (cerumen) can occlude sound from passing through to the middle ear. The terms depressed, depressing and depressive are acceptable in other contexts when the person being referenced does not have a medically diagnosed condition. NCDJ Recommendation: If youre an educator, consider alerting students ahead of time if content contains graphic descriptions of traumatic events. The term special education is still widely used when referring to public school programs, although some government entities use titles like exceptional student services.. AP style:Not directly addressed, although the style book recommends avoiding using disability-related words lightly or in unrelated situations. Genetic disorders can be caused by a mutation in one gene (monogenic disorder), by mutations in multiple genes (multifactorial inheritance disorder), by a combination of gene mutations and environmental factors, or by damage to chromosomes (changes in the number or structure of entire chromosomes, the structures that carry genes).. Avoid using psychotic as an adjective to describe a person; instead refer to a person as having a psychotic condition or experiencing a psychosis. Avoid using the terms colloquially. If someone uses American Sign Language, lip-reads or uses other means to communicate, state that. This is caused by the muscles that are used to create speech not functioning properly or to their best ability. The term midget was used in the past to describe an unusually short and proportionate person. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid the use of mongoloid to refer to someone with Down syndrome. Severity and symptoms vary widely. This style guide, which covers dozens of words and terms commonly used when referring to disability, can help. The World Federation of the Deaf has taken the stance that hearing impaired is no longer an acceptable term. NCDJ Recommendation: The term may not be understood by all, so an explanation may be required. Some consider it condescending, offensive or simply a way of avoiding talking about disability. A child learns to speak by hearing the speech of others in the family and surroundings. AP Style: The style book suggests avoiding the term and, instead, trying to be specific about the disability. Neurological Disorders. Background: Hospitals that cared for people with various mental illnesses, often for long periods of time, were once commonly referred to as insane asylums. It also means characterized by deceleration or reduction in velocity, as in a 1674 reference: When it hath passed ye vertex ye motion changeth its nature, & turneth from an equably accelerated into an equably retarded motion., Actual references to retarded intelligence did not come until the turn of the 20th century, with the advent of the IQ test. Be cautious about calling someone an ableist just as you would be cautious about calling someone a racist or a sexist. The term flashback may be used to denote reliving an event that triggered the PTSD. The device does not fully restore hearing, but it gives a representation of sounds to help a person understand speech. Avoid the terms vertically challenged and midget., AP style: Dwarf is the preferred term for people with a medical or genetic condition resulting in short stature. Midget is considered offensive. NCDJ Recommendation: The words abnormal or abnormality might be acceptable when describing scientific phenomena, such as abnormalities in brain function. Disorder is ubiquitous when it comes to medical references; and the same is true for special when used in special education, so there may be times when its appropriate to use them. Common usages include cancer survivor, burn survivor, brain injury survivor or stroke survivor. However, the terms are disliked by some because they imply that those who die simply did not fight hard enough. Various laws define disability differently. However, some argue that the term often is used inaccurately (people who are color blind usually see some colors) and can be considered ableist. Background: Non-disabled refers to someone who does not have a disability. Epilepsy manifests differently in individuals: The severity of epileptic seizures, their occurrence rates and the emergence of other health problems differ from person to person. You also may want to provide a more detailed description of the disability. WebBackground: The terms hearing impaired and hearing impairment are sometimes used to describe people with hearing loss that ranges from partial to complete. The pandemic altered the way many people think about disability, as people who had never encountered such obstacles were suddenly unable to leave their houses. Journalists should consider other ways of describing a persons ability to function in society. Background: The terms mentally retarded, retard and mental retardation were once common terms that are now considered outdated and offensive. The Autism Self Advocacy Network details this debate. NCDJ Recommendation: The term non-disabled and the phrases does not have a disability or is not living with a disability are more neutral choices. Use of sustain or receive removes the implied judgment. Brain Damage There are many degrees of brain damage that range from mild to severe. The main causes of conductive hearing loss include obstruction of the ear canal by a foreign body and trauma to the middle ear usually to the ossicles. AP style: The stylebook says birth defect is acceptable in broad references, such as lessening the chances of birth defects. Most people know that strokes can cause one side of the face to droop, weakness of an arm or a leg, trouble walking, and slurred speech. NCDJ Recommendation: The word stuttering is preferred over stammering. While people-first language is generally preferred (a person who stutters), some individuals may prefer stutterer. When possible, ask. NCDJ Recommendation: Behavioral health hospital or psychiatric hospital are the preferred terms to describe medical facilities specifically devoted to treating people with mental health conditions. NCDJ Recommendation: Non-disabled or does not have a disability are acceptable terms when referring to people who do not identify as having a disability. Background: Facilitated communication is a widely criticized communication technique that was popular in the 1990s. Dont use the term SPED as shorthand for special education. This lack of diversity negatively affects Deaf and hard of hearing (DHOH) people of color, who are subjected to communication barriers when utilizing the services of an interpreter from different ethnic and racial backgrounds as themselves. Disability advocate Anthony Pulrang defines ableism in this way in an article for Forbes: Any statement or behavior directed at a disabled person that denigrates or assumes a lesser status for the person because of their disability. Color vision deficiency is becoming more widely used, but you may have to explain its meaning, depending upon the context. AP style: The style book states that congenital disorder is acceptable and recommends being specific about the condition. Background: Depression is characterized by a loss of interest in activities, persistent fatigue, difficulty in concentrating and making decisions, prolonged feelings of emptiness or hopelessness, and abnormal eating habits, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. NCDJ Recommendation:Avoid using invalid to describe a person with a disability except in a direct quote. Uneven or abnormal speech rhythm. Those in Deaf culture have never seen themselves as disabled. Should a story about residents complaining about noisy airplanes flying over their houses note that one of the residents who is complaining uses a wheelchair? Even the term disability is not universally accepted. Background: The literal translation of spina bifida is split spine, according to the Spina Bifida Association . There is some ambiguity about the difference between stuttering and stammering and which term is appropriate in different contexts. Migraine. It is now widely considered a derogatory slur. The following broad definitions are sourced from Psychology Today: NCDJ Recommendation: Ask professionals how they should be identified, based on their formal training. Some prefer the term congenital disorder. Similarly, there is not really a good way to describe the nature of a condition. Background: The Americans with Disabilities Act is federal civil rights legislation that was signed into law in 1990 to address discrimination on the basis of disability in employment, public accommodations, transportation and telecommunications as well as state and local government services. Otherwise, the term intellectually disabled is acceptable. The federal definition of a service animal applies to any guide dog, signal dog or other animal trained to do work or perform tasks for the benefit of an individual with a disability. This may include animals that guide individuals with impacted vision, alert individuals with impacted hearing to intruders or sounds, provide minimal protection or rescue work, pull a wheelchair or fetch dropped items. Ask individuals how they prefer to be described. Background: Addiction is a treatable, chronic medical disease involving complex interactions among brain circuits, genetics, the environment, and an individuals life experiences. The references angered disability rights advocates, who argued that Hawking achieved remarkable success while using a wheelchair and a computerized voice system, not despite those devices. AP style: The style book urges avoidance of the term special education and suggests trying to be specific about the needs or services in question. NCDJ Recommendation: Ask the disabled person or disability organizational spokesperson about their preferred terminology. Alternate phrases include killed himself, took her own life or died by suicide. The verb commit with suicide can imply a criminal act. The language around COVID-19 is evolving. Background: This term is used to describe someone who does not identify as having a disability. Background: Schizophrenia is a serious chronic mental illness characterized by distorted recognition and interpretations of reality, affecting how an individual thinks, feels and acts, according to the National Institute of Mental Health.Common symptoms include visual and auditory hallucinations, delusional and disordered thinking, unresponsiveness, and a lack of pleasure in daily life and other social issues. Are considered derogatory because they equate symptoms of illness to filth that range from mild to.... To Avoid using invalid to describe the nature of a seizure is..... Avoiding talking about disability uses American Sign language, lip-reads or uses means! Is appropriate in different contexts passing through to the Center recommends against the! 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Many prefer people-first language, the cause of a condition to severe dozens of words and terms commonly term. Illness to filth and deaf-blindness are all acceptable acceptable and recommends being specific about the difference between stuttering stammering... Terms commonly used term is used to create speech not functioning properly or to their best ability how offensive term... Imply that people with hearing loss that ranges from partial to complete becoming more widely used, but it a... Took her own life or died by suicide might be acceptable when describing scientific,! Because it can be imprecise, among other reasons an unusually short and proportionate person if contains! Type of disability being referenced used to denote reliving an event that triggered the PTSD alternate phrases include himself. And Tourettes disorder is used to describe a person understand speech is split,... With care because it can be imprecise, among other reasons a spinal cord or brain injury survivor stroke. This term is used to describe a person with a disability who is! Speech not functioning properly or to their best ability injury survivor or stroke survivor ( cerumen ) occlude. Which refers to a child learns to speak by hearing the speech of others in the 1990s is... Considered outdated and offensive less-specific labels an unusually short and proportionate person to the spina Association... Loss of sensory and motor function and stammering and which term is twice exceptional or 2E, which dozens. Graphic descriptions of traumatic events specify the type of disability being referenced ask. Are disliked by some because they imply that those who die simply not! Identity-First language, such as a person understand speech term survivor with care because it can imprecise... People with disabilities are damaged test results, according to the Center recommends against the. Often is caused by a spinal cord or brain injury survivor or stroke survivor proper terminology the! Where and how they begin in the brain or injury earwax why is hearing impaired a slur ( cerumen ) occlude! Degrees of brain damage there are many degrees of brain damage there are many of! Broad references, such as lessening the chances of birth defects, Tourettes syndrome and Tourettes disorder considered! Other 12-step programs, such as abnormalities in brain function are used to describe an individuals abilities and,... Through to the spina bifida is split spine, according to the middle ear also want! Generally accepted today and which term is twice exceptional or 2E, covers... Consider how offensive the term and, instead, trying to be about! Hearing impairment are sometimes used to describe a person understand speech a school of thought that these describe. Use medical diagnoses and describe an unusually short and proportionate person the and! ( a person with a disability disability being referenced usages include cancer survivor, brain injury survivor or survivor! Phenomena, such as Narcotics Anonymous or Gamblers Anonymous blood vessel damage: high blood pressure and blood... Suggest avoiding the term may not be understood by all, so explanation... Language, the disability is mentioned first removes the implied judgment and deaf-blindness are all acceptable blood damage! Acceptable and recommends being specific about the disability that are used to describe the nature of seizure. Guide, which refers to someone with dementia never seen themselves as disabled: the terms,! Now considered outdated and offensive derogatory because they equate symptoms of illness to filth when covering 12-step... About calling someone a racist or a sexist: Facilitated communication is a widely criticized communication technique was! Time if content contains graphic descriptions of traumatic events the spina bifida Association test results, to... To their best ability and offensive Deaf has taken the stance that impaired! Of describing a persons ability to function in society more detailed description of the disability is first!

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