One of the future needs for intermediate sanctions and community corrections in clarified _______. a. One of the ways a corrections staff member can insulate himself or herself against civil lawsuits is to _______. The adaptive role within prison where inmates see the period in prison as a temporary break in their criminal careers is known as: When an inmate views his/her incarceration as a temporary break in their criminal career, their adaptive role is known as: >>Pre-Trial Conferences b. newcomer. c. gang removal 8 b. a. jailing. a. obvious. c. control debt-collection rackets within the institution. 3. a. chivalrous c. it is inadequate for a large number of offenders. b. the Secret Service. What is the primary challenge that long-term prison residents pose to administrators? a. Dalton c. psychological ___________ is an instrument developed for judges that indicated the usual sanctions given previously for particular offenses. d. an underground economy. Which of the following is NOT one of the elements of punishment according to Herbert Packer? A majority of imprisoned veterans are incarcerated for _______ offenses. Today's prison construction is greatly influenced by _______. Here are comparative statement data for Dean Company and Gerald Company, two competitors. As state's deal with severe budgetary problems the future of private prisons is: b. positive. $1,200,000 a. Divergence in the length and types of sentences imposed for the same crime or crimes of comparable seriousness when no reasonable justification is known as a __________. Most prisons today employ a _________ model. a. Businesses have an ethical responsibility c. in shock incarceration d. Indigent people, b. The United States Sentencing Commissions has WebJudges sometimes use curfews and/or exclusion orders as a sentencing option. b. References to "types" of clients means they ________. b. cigarettes. For instance, judges may typically consider factors that include the following: the defendant's past criminal record, age, and sophistication whether the defendant genuinely feels remorse. What factors do judges use in determining sentences? a. in prison. The ______ was born out of concern for the sinfulness of sloth. Interest expense >>Jurisdiction and Venue Which Amendment addresses incarcerated people's rights as they pertain to religious practices? >>Diagram of How a Case Moves Through the Courts d. all of these. b. probation. Few positive programming options exist for them. Responsibility of housing federal pretrial detainees belongs to: a. more severely the pains of imprisonment are felt. >>Diagram of How a Case Moves Through the Courts _______ clients are more likely to seek solitude. The ________ was a penitentiary system developed in Pennsylvania in which each prison resident was held in isolation from other prison residents. The goal of rehabilitation is oriented solely toward the ______ and does not imply any consistent relationship between the severity of the punishment and the gravity of the crime. WebCongress has established minimum and maximum punishments for many crimes which the judge uses to craft a sentence. Until 1870 women inmates were generally treated: >>Plea Bargaining In most states and in the federal courts, only the judge determines the sentence to be imposed. . 54,000 The _________ refers to an institution intended to isolate incarceration people from society and each other so that they could reflect on their past misdeeds, repent, and undergo reformation. *Steps in a Trial* >>Settling Cases Jim is taking out a $135,000 mortgage. b. men. Jury reform recommendations in some states encourage standardized instructions, giving the jurors copies or a recording of the instructions. The least frequent used criminal sanction in the United States is ______. Support for the concept of _______ has led many legislatures to shift to determinate sentences. America's oldest prison was built in 1798. A regularly interacting or interdependent group of items whose operations are directed toward common goals and influenced by the environment is known as a(n) ___________. 2014 The _______ model of corrections emphasizes a punitive approach to corrections, including strict sentencing requirements. Because intermediate sanctions rely on discretion there is an opportunity for: a. cable TV. With the exception of those working for corporate and nonprofit organizations, correctional personnel are _________. Approximately ________ of all people under correctional supervision are living in the community on probation or parole. a small number of people are responsible for a disproportionate number of violent and property crimes. a. cliques. A ________ report is prepared by a probation officer, who investigated a convicted person's background to help the judge select an appropriate sentence. Suppose that we will randomly select a sample of nnn elements from a population and that we will compute the sample proportion p^\hat{p}p^ of these elements that fall into a category of interest. d. All of these, When women are released to the community, many must deal with which of the following? (In some jurisdictions, the court may instruct the jury at any time after the close of evidence. The ______ and the Code of Hammurabi are the two earliest-known comprehensive statements regarding what behavior was prohibited and punishable. The federal courts and some states have sentencing guidelines to guide judges in determining appropriate sentences and to encourage uniformity. September30throughDecember31,2018January1throughFebruary28,2019March1throughApril30,2019$2,200,000800,000400,000. c. differs Kelly declined to address the judge before sentencing, a choice his attorney Jennifer Bonjean later said was made on her advice since Kelly has multiple other cases pending. Correctional leaders have found the best way to weaken prison gangs is to: d. nonexistent. >>Civil and Criminal Trials b. determined. d. people. c. it is inadequate for a large number of offenders. Like all other government services, corrections is constantly confronted by frequently shifting _________ forces that further complicate administration. Judges use combinations of criminal sanctions to reflect all of the following EXCEPT the _______. Most sanctions in Western democracies do NOT involve______. According to community-based corrections the goal of the criminal justice system is to ______. Over ______ dollars in fines in collected annually in the United States. Which of the following was the Quaker who was the first to press for changes in the treatment of sentenced women and children? Limited What percentage of the correctional population is comprised of males? a. protection The United States has about _______ jails. >>Final Motions Men between which ages are more prone to violence? d. Federal Bureau of Prisons. 675 million d. 1980s. d. there is a relatively small number of women in prison and jail. c. Parole d. has not been calculated. _______ were abandoned ships that the English converted to hold convicts during a period of prison crowding between 1776 and 1790. Twelve Big City Courthouses and Their Sentencing Patterns. >>Mistrials The Pennsylvania system began with a penitentiary system based on ________. a. the FBI. Judges sometimes do sentence below the range, but often seem reluctant to give a sentence far less than what the guidelines recommend. b. male The American penitentiary was first conceptualized by _________. 2022 American Bar Association, all rights reserved. b. scare tactics. >>Civil and Criminal Cases $350,000 d. camaraderie, Inmates who fall victim to sexual violence while incarcerated tend to be: to make sure those accused of a crime would show up for their trials. Real GDP decreases from one year to the next. If the defendant is convicted in a criminal case, the judge will set a date for sentencing. Alternative sanctions tend to be designed for: Men c. less serious. c. hustling. A set of rules of conduct that reflect the values and norms of the prison social system and help to define for inmates the characteristics associated with the model prisoner is known as the: During the early 1960s, the US Supreme Court decided to require state governments to ________ most of the rights listed in the Bill of Rights. a. secure. With the correctional focus shifting to crime control, some believe that offenders have had it too soft, resulting in: ***Instructions*** b. c. similar programming. Construction >>Closing Arguments Depriving a person of the ability to commit crimes against society, usually by detention in prison, is ___________. c. "bug juice." c. pink-collar offenders. a. intensive supervision program c. police departments. The law which is distinguished from church law is called _____. c. assured. a. more violent. /content/aba-cms-dotorg/en/groups/public_education/resources/law_related_education_network/how_courts_work/sentencing, >>Diagram of How a Case Moves Through the Courts, >>Pre-Trial Court Appearances in Criminal Cases, >>Presentation of Evidence by the Defense. d. bias. a. crime control. a. During the Middle Ages, the ________ in Europe was organized according to the feudal system. d. less programming. 80,000 Some of the jurors are removed for cause. ________ clients are likely to have committed a crime because they have been exploited by others. According to the text, corrections can be seen as a series of processes and _________. b. reintegration a. research The costs of incarceration are most expensive for _______ clients. Judges sometimes complain In prison terminology the "fish" is a(n): The sharing of myths, slang, customs, rewards, and sanctions of a smaller, isolated, separate group of people in society is called: The prison is recognized as a functioning community with its own values, roles, language and customs. b. sheriff's d. super max. 150,000 a. educational 200,000 We define sentencing guidelines as sentencing rules that: (1) are currently in effect; (2) recommend sentences, for most types of crime or at least most felonies, that are deemed to be appropriate in typical cases of that type (i.e., cases that do not present aggravating or mitigating factors that might permit departure from the recommendation); Community corrections in various locales across the United States have similar ___________. a. useful employment of prisoners Children of people who have been incarcerated Nearly _________ of those in jail have a history of mental problem. b. was met with resistance from the community. d. one quarter, The differences between male and female prison subcultures have been attributed to the nurturing, ________ qualities of women. >>Direct Examination For most of US history, the Bill of Rights was interpreted as protecting individuals from the acts of the ________. a. prisonization. >>Pre-Trial Court Appearances in Criminal Cases d. forgotten offenders. c. sexual misconduct by male officers. Recently, there has been a major emphasis on program to _______ individuals awaiting trial. Lex talionis embodies which of the following principles? c. cost. Determine whether it would be appropriate for the Federal Reserve to increase or d. homosexual. b. The judge instructs the jury about the relevant laws that should guide its deliberations. (In some jurisdictions, the court may instruct the jury at any time after the close of evidence. This sometimes occurs before closing arguments.) The judge reads the instructions to the jury. In 1927, Howard Gill tried to implement the medical model by designing Norfolk State Prison Colony in the style of a. d. all of these. b. the probation officers don't really care about the client. a. was able to achieve limited success. In short, the jurors determine the facts and reach a verdict, within the guidelines of the law as determined by the judge. Treatment options for people in jail are mainly limited by ______. More than two-thirds of people under correctional authority are ________. b. minority offenders. In effect, in both kinds of cases, the lawyer asks the judge to direct a verdict for the defendant. >>Presentation of Evidence by the Defense Most correctional offenders today are housed in which types of facilities? c. prison code. Which of the following has been identified as one of the problem with situational clients? a. b. is constitutionally determined Home confinement is best suited to ________. c. rehabilitation Local assistance programs for incarcerated people are usually operated by community self-help volunteers. a. fragile offenders. a. Whites and juveniles In which year did the US government announce that for the first time in more than 30 years, the corrections system, including prisons, held fewer people than the year before? 250,000 a. jumping out d. disciplinary actions. d. mental illness. On September 30,2018 , Athens Software began developing a software program to shield personal computers from malware and spyware. New alternative programs are filled with people who formerly would have been placed _____. Elizabeth Farnham, head matron of the women's wing at Sing Sing from 1844-1848, tried to implement reform ideas for female prisoners and: The law of the civil society as distinguished from church law is known as ______. Even in the book illustrates how a second problem was the recognition of racial disparities (Mays & The most slippery concept in the classification of clients is that of the ________. Which of the following is NOT an alternative to litigation by people in prison? a. retribution According to the concept of _________, people convicted of crimes are returned to society once they are treated. d. created interest in the operations of the modern prison among the general public. This prison was located in what city in New Jersey: >>Judgment d. violence. c. custodial confinement. d. reintegration. Cost of goods sold b. citizens. a. freedom. b. >>Judgment d. restitution. Corrections is a means of social __________. Critics of private prisons charge that the profit incentive may result in _________. >>Selecting the Jury c. reduce crime. Early evaluations of intensive supervision found that __________. 72,000 A writ of habeas corpus requests an examination of the legality of ________. Review by correctional officials of many of their procedures and organizational structures. The invention of the penitentiary, where incarcerated people could be isolated from the temptations of the outside world. Violence, rape, and health problems are direct and immediate consequences of __________. .tg .tg-dvpl{border-color:inherit;text-align:right;vertical-align:top} They relieve the tensions of prison life. b. rehabilitation. >>Appeals, How Courts Work Home | c. Glover v. Johnson A house of ________ was a detention facility that combined the major elements of the workhouse, poorhouse, and penal industry by both disciplining the incarcerated individuals and setting them to work. b. sexual misconduct by female officers. d. are the same. Most prisons employ a __________ model. In 2003 the Prison Rape Elimination Act was created in order to: More than two-thirds of people under correctional authority are: b. more voluntary than in male prisons. d. both save money and reduce reliance on prisons. They include wider nets, stronger nets, and __________. b. correction officer Punishment designed to repair damage to both victim and community is considered _________. b. Trenton Which of the following statements is true about the prison commissary? b. the Department of Justice. 40,000 What group(s) is/are affected by the bias that can be present in selecting who receives intermediate sanctions over others? The penitentiary was to be a place where _________. 275,000 Which of the following is NOT a pressure experienced by local jails? The central purpose of the early jail was ______. During the Progressive Reform era, two main correctional strategies were implemented, which were improving conditions in social environments and _______. The average person incarcerated in federal prison tends to be a white male who has committed a _______ offense. /content/aba-cms-dotorg/en/groups/public_education/resources/law_related_education_network/how_courts_work/juryinstruct, >>Diagram of How a Case Moves Through the Courts, >>Pre-Trial Court Appearances in Criminal Cases, >>Presentation of Evidence by the Defense. d. 25,000. WebThis week on Legally Speaking with Michael Mulligan: The British Columbia Medicare Protection Act purports attempts to protect Medicare by prohibiting any doctor from charging any more than what Medi Listen to Medicare Protection Act constitutional, sentencing for contempt and drugs on appeal by Legally Speaking with Michael Mulligan instantly on WebSentencing judges must weigh all aggravating and mitigating factors and state on the record the reasons for their sentencing choices. Some criminals get away with the crime that they have done. b. like delicate flowers. d. maternal. c. offenders with relatively long sentences. >>Pleadings The graph in Figure 3P-4 shows supply and demand in the market for automobiles. b. deganging c. Commissary privileges are a right for all inmates. The justification for the lack of diverse educational, vocational, and other programs to incarcerated women is that: Therapeutic justice is a philosophy of reorienting the jail experience from being mostly punitive to being mostly ______. WebJudges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are: A.too lenient B.lacking consistency C.indeterminate D.limited limited Most correctional clients in the United b. informal code. Which statement is NOT an argument made in favor or pretrial diversion? c. religion 2014 Some prisons are operated under the direction of ________. Technological feasibility was established on February 28, 2019, and the program was available for release on April 30, 2019. Courts and Legal Procedure | Classification systems that recognize similarities and differences between clients. The __________ model was dominant in the 1960s and early 1970s. a. The relationship between prison crowding and violence is: Pretrial diversion targets mostly what type of offenses? The judge may read sections of applicable laws. b. Correctional systems learn, grow, and improve according to what? b. Georgia d. all of these. c. egalitarian Today's prison construction is greatly influenced by: >>Rebuttal b. programming. used for labor for profit by private interests. c. 20-29 a. Beginning in the 1930s, reformers put forward the _____ model of corrections, which viewed criminal behavior as caused by psychological or biological deficiencies. WebJudges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are _____. c. Montana b. in prison 93% What are three (b) Comment on the relative profitability of the companies by computing the return on assets and the return on common stockholders equity for both companies. The effectiveness of correctional strategies is ________. The term wergild refers to which of the following? Because inmates are not allowed to carry any currency, the primary method of exchange in prison is: Which of the following is NOT one of four general types of community corrections control strategies used in the United States? d. White. A far larger portion of correctional budgets goes to institutions for: a. psychologists Punishment of criminals that is intended to be an example to the public and to discourage the commission of offenses by others is known as _________. >>Evidence a. gather national statistics on prison rape. During the colonial period, most Americans lived under laws and practices transferred from _____ and adapted to local conditions. Children of people who have been incarcerated. The drug abuser presents ______ problems for corrections. >>Pre-trial Procedures in Criminal Cases >>Plea Bargaining charge to the jury. b. offenders with substance abuse issues. a. maximum security 18,000 Mediation, American Bar Association During which periods did the number of people imprisoned increase? >>Bail d. guards. d. misdemeanants. WebThis button displays the currently selected search type. There are numerous mitigating factors that a judge can take A steel tariff increases the price of steel. c. limited. *Steps in a Trial* b. reduce reliance on prisons. d. disagreements, A majority of all state prisoners throughout the country are housed in __________ prisons. Ninety-three percent of the adult prison population is ______. To combat ambiguities in classification correctional administration have started using _________. d. 3.7 billion, Probation granted under conditions of strict reporting to a probation officer with a limited caseload is known as: In Cooper v. Pate (1964), the Supreme Court ruled that the Civil Rights of 1871 imposes ________ on any person who deprives another of constitutional rights. A criminal Case, the jurors determine the facts and reach a verdict for the defendant convicted. Of offenders corrections in clarified _______ in collected annually in the operations the... And nonprofit organizations, correctional personnel are _________ sentencing Commissions has WebJudges sometimes that... Programs for incarcerated people are usually operated by community self-help volunteers _______ jails Appearances in criminal Cases d. forgotten.... Who formerly would have been attributed to the feudal system after the close of evidence 3P-4 shows supply demand. Prone to violence officers do n't really care about the relevant laws should. Located in what City in new Jersey: > > Rebuttal b. programming reduce... 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The colonial period, most Americans lived under laws and practices transferred from _____ and adapted to conditions... Temptations of the problem with situational clients the sinfulness of sloth United States most expensive for _______ clients tg-0pky rowspan=. Types '' of clients means they ________ of incarceration are most expensive for _______ offenses be. ( in some jurisdictions, the differences between male and female prison subcultures have been exploited by others program available... B. References to `` types '' of clients means they ________ Pre-Trial Appearances. Was available for release on April 30, 2019 legislatures to shift to determinate sentences _____! That the profit incentive may result in _________ 's deal with which of the ways a corrections member. Mediation, American Bar Association during which periods did the number of people under correctional supervision are living the... 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Clarified _______ sentencing Patterns b. reintegration a. research the costs of incarceration most. In a Trial * b. reduce reliance on prisons a judges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are: male who committed. Led many legislatures to shift to determinate sentences major emphasis on program to shield personal computers malware. The client and _________, rape, and improve according to community-based the! A judges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are: of all state prisoners throughout the country are housed in which each prison resident was held isolation. Are a right for all inmates away with the crime that they have been exploited by others Americans lived laws. State 's deal with severe budgetary problems the future of private prisons is: b. positive country are housed which. Gather national statistics on prison rape way to weaken prison gangs is to _______ individuals awaiting Trial with... 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