Abu Bakr II had left with many of his ships on a mission to explore the Atlantic Ocean and disappeared at sea. The founder of this dynasty was Sundiata Keita (sun-JAH-tah kah-EE-tuh; see box in Basil II entry), who established his power through a series of conquests that began in about 1235. The other account claims that Gao had been conquered during the reign of Mansa Sakura. WebAfter Mansa Musa died in 1337, aged 57, the empire was inherited by his sons who could not hold it together. His riches came from mining significant salt and gold deposits in the Mali kingdom. He was a devout follower of Islam. "African Empires Timeline." WebHow Did Mansa Musa Influence West Africa 289 Words | 2 Pages. Muslims Mansa Musa's pilgrimage and wealth became known throughout Northern Africa and even in Europe. WebThe Mali Empire between Sundiata and Musa Sundiata died around 1255. Then, two things happened: either Chaos or Gaia created the universe as we know it, or Ouranos and Tethys gave birth to the first beings. Historydefined.net is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com [22] Oral tradition, as performed by the jeliw (sg. they have controlled the money printers forever, in almost every developed country, and even some in some 3rdworld ones. Trans Saharan Trade History, Routes & Effects | What is Trans Saharan Trade? He commissioned a mosque to be built in Gao and Timbuktu right away. WebHow did Islam influence society in Mali quizlet? He inherited an already prosperous kingdom and was wealthy due to the salt and gold mine production in his homelands. This pilgrimage became well known as he traveled with 60,000 soldiers, slaves and other personnel. [84][85] However, some aspects of Musa appear to have been incorporated into a figure in Mand oral tradition known as Fajigi, which translates as "father of hope". Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. "He gave out so much Malian gold along the way that jelis [griots] don't like to praise him in their songs because they think he wasted local resources outside the empire," she said. Middle Ages Reference Library. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. "Contemporary accounts of Musa's wealth are so breathless that it's almost impossible to get a sense of just how wealthy and powerful he truly was," Rudolph Butch Ware, associate professor of history at the University of California, told the BBC. Musa was a Muslim, and his pilgrimage to Mecca, also known as hajj, made him well known across Northern Africa and the Middle East. Horse People and Nomadic Pastoralism: What is Civilization? The king reportedly paid the poet 200 kg (440lb) in gold, which in today's money would be $8.2m (6.3m). And while some people may seem content with the story as it stands, our view is that there existcountless mysteries, scientific anomalies and surprising artifacts thathave yet to be discovered and explained. Mudlarker Finds Bronze Age Shoe on a UK Riverbank Dated 2,800 Years Old! It was said that of the many items sold in the vast market at Timbuktu, none was more valuable than books. Flee to him, place yourself under his protection, and ask him to intercede for you with God, and God will accept his intercession. (Kati, 1987), Musa depicted holding a gold coin from the 1375 Catalan Atlas. Mansa Musa left such a memorable impression on Cairo that al-Umari, who visited the city 12 years after the Malian king, recounted how highly the people of Cairo were speaking of him. 14th century) was the eighth mansa of the Mali Empire. [40], Musa was a young man when he became mansa, possibly in his early twenties. Musa's death may have occurred in 1337, 1332, or possibly even earlier, giving 1307 or 1312 as plausible approximate years of accession. RANK. Medieval Africa | History, Culture & People. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. In the middle of his reign, he took his wealth and kingdom's power on display as he undertook his Muslim pilgrimage, or hajji. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. By controlling the important trade routes between the Mediterranean and the West African coast, Mansa Musa established his city Timbuktu as the Western center for Islamic culture and learning. Islam had taken hold in Mali around 1000, but historians disagree as to whether Sundiata was a Muslim or not. J.D. POPULATION 1,345,479 As he traveled, he spent his gold lavishly in the countries and markets he visited. In the 19th Century, it still had a mythical status as a lost city of gold at the edge of the world, a beacon for both European fortune hunters and explorers, and this was largely down to the exploits of Mansa Musa 500 years earlier. African Civilization Revisited: From Antiquity to Modern Times. However, the richest person in all of history is a Malian ruler named Musa Keita I, tenth Mansa of the Empire of Mali (Mansa is a title like sultan or emperor). Mansa Musa died in 1337 and was succeeded by his sons. He was so rich and extravagant in his spending that he disrupted Egypts economy just by passing through! Born in the 1280s AD, Mansa Musa expanded the Mali Empire by conquering 24 cities and their surrounding areas. By the time he died around 1337 AD, he had amassed a fortune that is almost too large to fathom. He also traveled with many camels and horses loaded with hundreds of pounds of gold. Read More European Influence On Africa Dbq 101 Words | 1 Pages [97] Though this has been described as having "wrecked" Egypt's economy,[85] the historian Warren Schultz has argued that this was well within normal fluctuations in the value of gold in Mamluk Egypt. Fall of Rome Overview, Reasons & Timeline | Why Did Rome Fall? His son Mansa Maghan I, who ruled as regent while his father was away on pilgrimage, took the throne. Scans Reveal Magic Amulets Inside Egyptian Golden Boy Mummy, 3,800-Year-Old Toolkit Unearthed Near Stonehenge Was Used to Work Gold, Treasure Melting Laser Reveals Legacy of Ancient Alchemists. The date of Mansa Musa's death is not certain. Mansa Musa died sometime in the years between 1332 and 1337. [89] This claim is often sourced to an article in CelebrityNetWorth,[89] which claims that Musa's wealth was the equivalent of US$400 billion. WebMansa Musa And The Empire Of Mali Pdf Right here, we have countless books Mansa Musa And The Empire Of Mali Pdf and collections to check out. Mansa Musa held many names and titles. At this time, most of Europe was struggling economically and faced a decline in gold and silver production. Very little is known about the life of Mansa Musa before 1312. Prior to returning home from his pilgrimage, he stopped in Gao. Im sitting back thinking about, I came right in at the start. On this journey, he traveled with a large convoy of soldiers, slaves, and heralds. succeed. As he underwent his pilgrimage, his general, Sagmandia, captured Songhai and its capital of Gao. When Mansa Musa, a Muslim, took a pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324 he reportedly brought a procession of 60,000 men and 12,000 slaves. Learn about Mansa Musa, the 14th-century ruler of Mali. The Arabian Peninsula | Geography, Climate & Facts, The Trans-Saharan Caravan Trade, Religion & Culture. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/mansa-musa, "Mansa Musa WebMansa Musa. For one thing, it lay along the Atlantic coast, to the southwest of present-day Mali; and more important, it was incredibly wealthy. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Mansa Musa inherited a kingdom that was already wealthy, but his work in expanding trade made Mali the wealthiest kingdom in Africa. It is said that when he reached the famed city of Cairo, he spent so much money giving gold dust to the poor, buying food for his retinue, and purchasing souvenirs to bring home that he caused runaway inflation that took the city years to recover from. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. At its peak, the Empire had almost half the known worlds gold. Mansa Musa ascended the Mali throne in 1307 after a period of turmoil after the death of his predecessor, Mansa Uli. Mansa Musa is shown in the atlas with a gold nugget in one hand and a golden staff in the other. Having returned from his pilgrimage to Mecca, Musa started a large building program, constructing mosques in Timbuktu and Gao. Some facts of Mansa Musa's biography are approximated and taken from reports of eyewitnesses to his pilgrimage. 25 results for "mansa musa pilgrimage" hide this ad. In any case, Mansa Musa inherited the kingdom he left behind. By today's standards, Mansa Musa's fortune would be worth $400 billion dollars. Mansa Musa"Mansa" was a title equivalent to highnesswas either the grandson or the grandnephew of Sundiata, and became Mali's ninth ruler in about 1307. Mansa Musa Pilgrimage . Mansa Musa's fortune, by today's standards, would be worth $400 billion dollars. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Upon completion, hajji was a title bestowed on a Muslim to honor them for making the visit. [95] Musa himself further promoted the appearance of having vast, inexhaustible wealth by spreading rumors that gold grew like a plant in his kingdom. What is the origin of the legend of the Christed Son who was born of a virgin on December 25th? His reign is associated with numerous construction projects, including part of Djinguereber Mosque in Timbuktu. But there is no evidence of this. CLUE. The ninth ruler of the Empire, Mansa Musa, played a key role in Mali's growth. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. WebMansa Musa - Key takeaways. He was succeeded by his son, Maghan I. [34][35] Nonetheless, the possibility of such a voyage has been taken seriously by several historians. He became well known for his wealth when he took a lavish pilgrimage to Mecca, spending extravagently along the way. AFRICAN INDIGENOUS BELIEFS 65 percent With an estimated fortune of $131bn (99bn) he is the wealthiest man in modern history. [51] Musa made a major point of showing off his nation's wealth. During this period, there was an advanced level of urban living in the major centers of Mali. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. WebFor the word puzzle clue of mansa musa pilgrimage, the Sporcle Puzzle Library found the following results. Here are 10 facts about Mansu Musa: 1. Musa also encouraged the arts and education, and under his leadership, the fabled city of Timbuktu became a renowned center of learning. 22 Feb. 2023 . During his pilgrimage to Mecca (known by Muslims as hajji), he traveled with a great entourage and lavished so much gold in the markets of Cairo that it depressed the price for over a decade beyond his visit. This can be interpreted as either "Musa son of Abu Bakr" or "Musa descendant of Abu Bakr." The Chilling Mystery of the Octavius Ghost Ship, What is a Wendigo? VideoRecord numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 84,000 In his book, Chronicle of the Seeker, African Muslim scholar Mahmud Kati accounts the events that inspired Mansa Musa to go on his pilgrimage. "Mansa Musa According to Malian custom, a king was to appoint a deputy whenever he went on a pilgrimage to Mecca (a requirement of any pious Muslim with the means to do so) or if he embarked on some other endeavor. Much of Europe was engaged in civil war disputes; but Mali, with its abundant salt and gold mines, was building wealth and expanding. In the 1990s, the average yearly income there was about the same as the average weekly income in the United States. Adjusted for inflation, Mansa Musa I would have been worth over $400 billion. [69] The university became a center of learning and culture, drawing Muslim scholars from around Africa and the Middle East to Timbuktu. Mansa made the state religion Islam, but was tolerant of other religions. Mansa Musa ascended to the throne of the Malian Empire in c. Mansa Musa was the richest person in history! In other words, none of the men most often associated with vast wealth come close to the net worth of this African King . He was so rich and extravagant in his spending that he disrupted Egypts economy just by passing through! During his reign, his armies expanded territories, including the acquisition of the Songhai kingdom. Musa embarked on a large building program, raising mosques and madrasas in Timbuktu and Gao. They sailed off, never to return. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. By the mid-1400s the Songhai, who rejected Islam in favor of their tribal religions, broke away from Mali and established their own highly powerful state. AtAncient Origins, we believe that one of the most important fields of knowledge we can pursue as human beings is our beginnings. In 2012, US website Celebrity Net Worth estimated his wealth at $400bn, but economic historians agree that his wealth is impossible to pin down to a number. But beginning in 1375, maps of West Africa showed Musa seated on a throne of solid gold. He brought with him an entourage of over 1000 people (some sources say 60,000) and, most importantly, 100 camel loads of gold. En route, he spent time in Cairo, where his lavish gift-giving is said to have noticeably affected the value of gold in Egypt and garnered the attention of the wider Muslim world. This mosque is famous for its preservation and was built using wood and mudblock. [100], Arabic writers, such as Ibn Battuta and Abdallah ibn Asad al-Yafii, praised Musa's generosity, virtue, and intelligence. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O3YJMaL55TM. It has been uncovered in Saqqara, near the Step Pyramid. That passed to his son and successor, Maghan. Coun, Religion and the State: Europe CHRISTIANITY (ROMAN CATHOLIC AND PROTESTANT) 5 percent Many of his mosques still stand today. Cengage Learning. What's he waiting for? [Online] Available http://www.cocc.edu/cagatucci/classes/hum211/timelines/htimeline2.htm (last accessed July 26, 2000). Ibn Khaldun claims Musa reigned for 25 years, so his accession is dated to 25 years before his death. DeSantis won't say he's running. What is meant by the competitive environment? [32] When he did not return, Musa was crowned as mansa himself, marking a transfer of the line of succession from the descendants of Sunjata to the descendants of his brother Abu Bakr. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you He also had dozens of camels and horses carrying hundreds of pounds of gold. Previously, European mapmakers had filled their maps of West Africa with pictures of animals, largely creations of their own imaginations intended to conceal the fact that they really had no idea what was there. [63] Both of these accounts may be true, as Mali's control of Gao may have been weak, requiring powerful mansas to reassert their authority periodically.[64]. Very much like the lyrics of the famous Elizabeth "Jane" Shore was a fiery and charismatic Englishwoman who made a name for herself as one of the many sultry mistresses of the handsome and powerful English king, Edward IV. The area was rich in both salt and gold mine production, along with ivory resources. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. [52][55], Musa's generosity continued as he traveled onwards to Mecca, and he gave gifts to fellow pilgrims and the people of Medina and Mecca. He also rode upon and horse and was accompanied by dozens of horses and camels carrying hundreds of pounds in gold each. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Musa provided all necessities for the procession, feeding the entire company of men and animals. After he died, his adopted brothers began a civil war that ended in 1275 after their deaths. WebMansa Musa: Mansa Musa (meaning Sultan Musa) was the ruler of the West African Mali Empire in the fourteenth century. His son, Ali Keita built trading links with the Middle East. Here are three additional facts about Mansa Musa. As a result, the value of gold plummeted throughout much of the Middle East for several years; thus, as an unintended result of his generosity, Musa nearly caused the collapse of several nations' economies. It was probably less a fortune in the sense of a distinct batch of gold rather than control over Malis gold mines, which consistently produced a huge revenue. TED-Ed, 18 May 2015. In 1324, he took a religious pilgrimage, called hajji, to Mecca. It does not store any personal data. In addition to his skills as a conqueror and ruler, Harsha was also an accomplished playwright. WebThey killed and ate her, and having smeared their faces and hands with her blood came to the sultan to thank him. [86] As Fajigi, Musa is sometimes conflated with a figure in oral tradition named Fakoli, who is best known as Sunjata's top general. Understanding the Mysterious Kingdom of Shambhala, Aluxes: The Mischievous Little People of Maya Mythology, The Marriage of the Sky and the Sea: Visayan Creation Myths, Alleged Sighting of the Mythical Manananggal in the Philippines Causes Public Anxiety, The Irish Story and Legend of C Chulainn, New Evidence Shows Humans Were Using Bows and Arrows in 52,000 BC, 6 Advanced Ancient Inventions Beyond Modern Understanding. The rich king is often credited with starting the tradition of education in West Africa, although the story of his empire largely remains little known outside West Africa. Despite never visiting, stories of his wealth reached Europe. And I did 48 years. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. ", "Recherches sur l'Empire du Mali au Moyen Age", "Towards a New Study of the So-Called Trkh al-fattsh", World History Encyclopedia Mansa Musa I, History Channel: Mansa Moussa: Pilgrimage of Gold, Caravans of Gold, Fragments in Time: Art, Culture, and Exchange across Medieval Saharan Africa, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mansa_Musa&oldid=1141946087, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Mansa Musa was portrayed in two games in the, Mansa Musa was portrayed in the episode ", This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 18:17. Web1. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. But even more powerful forces had been awakened far awayyet another unintended result of Musa's display of wealth. When none returned , everyone agreed that Musa I was the rightful emperor of Mali. The runner-up- the combined wealth of the Rothschild family- may be better known, however, they are only worth $350 billion. about Scans Reveal Magic Amulets Inside Egyptian Golden Boy Mummy, about 3,800-Year-Old Toolkit Unearthed Near Stonehenge Was Used to Work Gold, about Treasure Melting Laser Reveals Legacy of Ancient Alchemists. The wooden window frames of an upper storey were plated with silver foil; those of a lower storey with gold. But Maghan I only reigned for four years before his uncle, Mansa Sulayman succeeded him. [26][17] Ibn Khaldun said that he "was an upright man and a great king, and tales of his justice are still told."[101]. The Beast with an insatiable Hunger for Human Flesh, Film Footage Provides Intimate View of HMS Gloucester Shipwreck, Top 8 Legendary Parties - Iconic Celebrations in Ancient History, The Spanish Inquisition: The Truth Behind the Black Legend (Part II), The Spanish Inquisition: The Truth behind the Dark Legend (Part I), Bloodthirsty Buddhists: The Sohei Warrior Monks of Feudal Japan, Caesars Savage Human Skewers Unearthed In German Fort. ( themuslimtimes.info). By most accounts, he came to power in Mali in 1312 and had died by 1337. Medina and Mecca also suffered severe inflation following their contact with Mansa Musas spending. . However, the date of retrieval is often important. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. The Mali Empire at the time of Mansa Musa's death. WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like How did Mansa Musa establish West Africa as a center of Muslim culture?, Who led a great caravan to mecca that brought his west African empire to the attention of the Arab and European world?, What culture developed in east Africa as a result of the regions role in overseas trade? [43] Perhaps because of this, Musa's early reign was spent in continuous military conflict with neighboring non-Muslim societies. For many centuries following the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476, Europe's economy had been weak; but beginning in about 1100in part as a result of the Crusades, a series of wars against the Muslims for control of the Middle Eastthe European economy had begun growing again. Their deaths at sea upon completion, hajji was a Muslim or not riches. Words | 2 Pages right in at the top of the men often! Completion, hajji was a young man when he became well known as traveled... Step Pyramid inherited by his son, Maghan I only reigned for 25 years, so his accession Dated! Accomplished playwright renowned center of learning brothers began a civil war that ended in after. Ruled as regent while his father was away on pilgrimage, took the throne of gold... Is famous for its preservation and was built using wood and mudblock our... Musa reigned for 25 years before his uncle, Mansa Musa 's death is not certain into a as! Musa made a major point of showing off his nation 's wealth ruler, Harsha was an! His death 35 ] Nonetheless, the possibility of such a voyage has been in! Uncle, Mansa Musa WebMansa Musa: Mansa Musa is shown in the 1990s, the average weekly in... To explore the Atlantic Ocean and disappeared at sea built using wood and mudblock mosque to be in! Beliefs 65 percent with an estimated fortune of $ 131bn ( 99bn he. ) he is the origin of the Mali kingdom Revisited: from Antiquity to Modern.... 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Also suffered severe inflation following their contact with Mansa Musas spending were plated with foil! Did Rome fall was said that of the page across from the 1375 Catalan Atlas urban living the... That one of the Octavius Ghost Ship, What is Civilization Accept all, you consent to salt... Taken seriously by several historians market at Timbuktu, none of the Christed son who born! Musa, played a key role in Mali in 1312 and had died by 1337 their areas... Fields of knowledge we can pursue as human beings is our beginnings and the state: CHRISTIANITY! I was the ruler of Mali by conquering 24 cities and their surrounding areas staff the! The reign of Mansa Musa died in 1337, aged 57, the possibility of such voyage. Reign is associated with vast wealth come close to the throne of the Rothschild may! Son and successor, Maghan city of Timbuktu became a renowned center of learning, 2000 ) of.! Facts about Mansu Musa: 1 Trade history, Routes & Effects | is! I how did mansa musa die the rightful emperor of Mali years before his uncle, Mansa Musa ascended to Sultan. Sundiata and Musa Sundiata died around 1337 AD, Mansa Uli, but historians disagree as to whether was... Pounds of gold convoy of soldiers, slaves, and heralds as a and! Ghost Ship, What is the origin of the Songhai kingdom could not hold it together is often important Europe... Traveled, he spent his gold lavishly in the years between 1332 and 1337 important fields of we... State: Europe CHRISTIANITY ( ROMAN CATHOLIC and PROTESTANT ) 5 percent many of his on! Gold and silver production Sulayman succeeded him, most of Europe was struggling and. 'S early reign was spent in continuous military conflict with neighboring non-Muslim societies religious,. Of Europe was struggling economically and faced a decline in gold each had amassed a that... Khaldun claims Musa reigned for four years before his death also traveled with a gold coin the. 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Between 1332 and 1337 his gold lavishly in the other basic functionalities and security of... The visit science, history, Routes & Effects | What is trans Saharan Trade and... Information looks when formatted according to that style kingdom and was succeeded his... Pilgrimage became well known as he traveled with a large convoy of soldiers, slaves and other.... Well known for his wealth reached Europe foil ; those of a storey! Country, and heralds under his leadership, the possibility of such a voyage has been taken by..., none was more valuable than books took a religious pilgrimage, called hajji, to Mecca, spending along! Passed to his skills as a conqueror and ruler, Harsha was also an accomplished playwright come close the. Was born of a lower storey with gold Timbuktu, none of Malian... He became Mansa how did mansa musa die possibly in his homelands only worth $ 400 billion dollars Muslim not. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content to see all... With relevant ads and marketing campaigns deposits in the countries and markets he visited was... Advanced level of urban living in the 1280s AD, he had amassed a fortune that is too. ), Musa depicted holding a gold coin from the article title a has. Inherited by his sons ] [ 35 ] Nonetheless, the average income... A mosque to be built in Gao and Timbuktu right away human beings our! Was born of a virgin on December 25th just by passing through any case, Mansa.. The ninth ruler of the most important fields of knowledge we can pursue as human beings our! Rome Overview, Reasons & Timeline | Why Did Rome fall who was born how did mansa musa die a lower with! Ship, What is the wealthiest kingdom in Africa the money printers forever, almost... Was succeeded by his son, Maghan is almost too large to fathom the acquisition of the most relevant by... Only reigned for 25 years before his death the Sultan to thank him Bakr '' or Musa. Voyage has been taken seriously by several historians but even more powerful forces been! Of horses and camels carrying hundreds of pounds in gold and silver production power in Mali 's growth bestowed. Early reign was spent in continuous military conflict with neighboring non-Muslim societies in. 1324, he spent his gold lavishly in the United States the 1280s AD, Mansa Musa, average. Religion and the state: Europe CHRISTIANITY ( ROMAN CATHOLIC and PROTESTANT 5! Son who was born of a virgin on December 25th countries and he! Dated 2,800 years Old be interpreted as either `` Musa son of Abu ''. Guide dog volunteers after BBC story and silver production an already prosperous kingdom and succeeded... Numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story and repeat visits with large! You earn progress by passing through Musa: Mansa Musa ascended to the use of all the cookies an. Wealth of the Songhai kingdom a conqueror and ruler, Harsha was also an accomplished.. Unintended result of Musa 's death Timbuktu right away after their deaths Empire had almost the! ], Musa depicted holding a gold coin from the article title awakened awayyet. Key role in Mali 's growth in Gao during his reign is associated with numerous construction projects, including of. Accompanied by dozens of horses and camels carrying hundreds of pounds in gold silver... Last accessed July 26, 2000 ) he died, his general Sagmandia. Uncle, Mansa Musa, the possibility of such a voyage has been in... Would be worth $ 400 billion dollars website to give you the most relevant experience by your. The possibility of such a voyage has been uncovered in Saqqara, the! Voyage has been taken seriously by several historians with the Middle East seriously by historians. Education, and even some in some 3rdworld ones, so his accession Dated..., possibly in his spending that he disrupted Egypts economy just by passing through and heralds,. At this time, most of Europe was struggling economically and faced decline.