Aluminum, the cheaper option, is light thus easy and quick to move the scaffold tower from one location to another. [29 CFR 1926.451(e)(8)], The competent person is responsible for determining the safety and feasibility of installing and using safe means of access, based on site conditions and the type of scaffold involved. The height of the scaffold in relation to the minimum base width, wind loads, the use of brackets or cantilevered platforms, and Scaffold is not level because it was erected without base plates on an uneven surface. 2. [, Be used only to support personnel, unless the scaffold has been designed for other loads by a qualified engineer and built to withstand the tipping forces caused by other loads. NOTE: Except where indicated, these requirements also apply to manually propelled, pump jack, ladder jack, tube and coupler, and pole scaffolds as well as the specialty scaffolds described in the Supported Scaffolds module. Aluminum and steel are the most commonly used materials around the world for scaffolding and tower scaffolds. (Figure 13) [29 CFR 1926.451(b)(3) and 29 CFR 1926.451(b)(3)(ii)]. Crossbracing is required on both front and back sides of each scaffold buck or frame. (F) Tubular welded frame scaffolds. Each frame or panel shall be braced by horizontal bracing, cross bracing, diagonal bracing or any combination thereof for securing vertical members together laterally. Training shall include [. Verifies trueness of structure with plumb bob and carpenter's level. A door or window can be installed perfectly LEVEL, PLUMB & SQUARE on one side, but if the other side's aren't LEVEL, PLUMB & SQUARE . You will need many of each component for larger structures. . [, On scaffolds where platforms are abutted to create a long platform, each abutted end must rest on a separate support surface (this does not preclude the use of shared support members such as "T" sections, hook-on platforms that rest on common supports, etc.). Be sure scaffold stays plumb and level as . The size of the mud sill shall be based on the type of soil the scaffold will be erected upon. Safe points of anchorage include structural members of buildings, but not standpipes, vents, electrical conduit, etc., which may give way under the force of a fall. Fasten all couplers and/or connections . Where there is a danger of tools, materials, or equipment falling from a scaffold onto employees below, they must be protected by [. The hazards of type of scaffold being used. For example, if the base width is 5 feet, the first vertical tie will be (5 feet x 4) 20 feet from the ground. (Figure 4) [, Scaffolds shall be altered only under the supervision and direction of a competent person. Supported scaffold poles, frames and uprights must be plumb and braced to prevent any displacement caused by swaying. For planks that are greater than 10 feet long, the maximum extension past the. They can also choose if they want it mobile or stationary. Therefore, an inspection of a scaffold platform requires safety checks of both the platform structure and how the platform is used by the workers. The distance between beare r s and runners shall not exceed manufacturer's re c o m-m e n d a t i o n s . They should be installed along all open sides and at both ends of platforms, except when used as a walkway, the platform is the main working area of the scaffold. Ladders are used to provide access to different levels of the scaffold, although sometimes steps will be used to improve safety. How to use a plumb bob. . [. Employees are not permitted to work on or from a scaffold during storms or high wind, unless a competent person has determined that it is safe, and those employees are protected by [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(12)]: Because they may be built in proximity to overhead power lines, and because they are often made of metal, scaffolds can put workers at risk of electrocution. . Securely fastened in place at the outermost edge of the platform, and not have more than -inch clearance above the walking/working surface. Note: Except where . He suffered multiple fractures to the head, left and right foot, and left wrist, and torn ligaments in the knees. [, Hook-on or attachable ladders shall be installed as soon as scaffold erection has progressed to the point that permits safe installation and use. tools, scrap material, chemicals, snow, ice, etc.) Braces should align the vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, level, and square. 5. If you need help with your company safety plans, it is part of GDI Insurance Agency, Incs comprehensive Californiacontractor insurance program. Cross braces shall be of such length as to automatically square and align vertical members so the erected scaffold is always plumb, square, and rigid. If using wooden planks, they must extend beyond the supporting 1. The working surface was solidly planked. All equipment must be inspected to see that it is in good condition and serviceable. Faults: Damaged. A. As a general rule, a scaffold becomes inherently unstable once its height is four times its minimum base dimension, even if it is plumb and square. Check the level again and plumb if necessary. They may be made of solid material or mesh with openings no greater than 1 inch. Install the deck, which may be an all aluminium platform or with wood deck or scaffold planks. from the top of the sill, depending on the slope. If uplift could cause the components to separate, locking pins must be used and the components secured. Installed protective coverings to prevent accidental contact with the lines. Supported scaffold poles, legs . In general, a level is the easiest way to achieve the desired right angles. Keep the scaffold level, plumb, and square. Acceptable fall protection systems allowed include guardrails, safety nets, safety harnesses , positioning device systems and fall restraint systems. Supported scaffold poles, frames, uprights, etc. An employee was constructing the third level of a tubular, welded-frame scaffold while standing on the second level. Note: The diagram does not show a way to get on or off the platform because there are many possible variations on access. Scaffold frames (i.e. Find out more here or call us at 209-634-2929! [, A scaffold stairway width of at least 18 inches between stair rails. e. (Figure 6) [, Hook-on and attachable ladders must be specifically designed for use with the type of scaffold on which they are used. The other five workers were hospitalized with electrical burns. [, Stair rails and handrails surfaced to prevent punctures or lacerations to employees, and to prevent snagging of clothing. and that cross braces are of such length as will automatically keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square. Since this is the main workplace, it should be sturdy enough to carry its load. The erected scaffold must support its own weight and at least four times the maximum intended load. Duty level of scaffold is based on the chart below. Has lockable wheels if it is a mobile rolling scaffold. Crawling Board. And also, there are lots of sites that sell scaffolding spare parts. It is strong, dependable, and is relatively low in cost. Plumb and level the scaffold as it is being erected. In Asia, bamboo is used as a construction material. The scaffold design must include the following: If during the inspection a defect or damage to the scaffold is discovered, the scaffold must betagged out and not used until repairs are made. Training must include how to safely do the following: Erectors and dismantlers of tube and coupler scaffolds are at particular risk because their work starts before ladders, guardrails and platforms are completely installed. Fasten all couplers and/or connections securely before assembling the next level. Scaffolds must not be close enough to overhead power lines that they, or any conductive materials (e.g. In such cases, the gap will be as small as possible and not exceed 9 inches. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," starting with the first bay of the scaffold, because every degree that the scaffold is off level will be magnified as the scaffold is raised in height. Scaffolds are commonly used in the construction industry because they are a flexible and cost effective way for workers, tools and equipment to access heights. the side of a building) basically serves as the fall protection system. Rolling interior and exterior scaffolding are referred to as mobile scaffold towers, and they are a type of scaffolding tower that have scaffolding casters attached to the end of all the scaffold legs on which they stand: these can be swiveled and moved around to be employed as work support in different locations without less need of dismantling and then reconstructing them. Because the frames are stacked, the cross braces have to keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square. [, It is dangerous and therefore impermissible for two or more vertical lifelines to be attached to each other, or to the same point of anchorage. [, Employees performing overhand bricklaying operations from a supported scaffold must be protected from falling from all open sides and ends of the scaffold, except at the side next to the wall being laid. Toeboards must be installed not more than 1/4 inch above the platform and securely fastened. [, Each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet above a lower level must be protected from falling to that lower level. Since it is an elevated platform, the stability decreases as the height increases. [, Guardrail systems must be installed along all open sides and ends of platforms, and must be in place before the scaffold is released for use by employees other than erection/dismantling crews. The three main components of new scaffolding are standards, ledgers, and transoms. [, Scaffolds over 125 feet (38.0m) in height above their base plates shall be designed by a registered professional engineer, and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with such design. Runners must: Extend over two poles at minimum. 5. [, Ends of stair rails and handrails constructed so that they do not constitute a projection hazard. The training must include: assessment of the base material the scaffold will be erected upon, load calculations for materials and personnel, erection and dismantling . Chicken Ladder. Hook-on and attachable ladder rungs must: Be positioned so that their bottom rung is not more than 24 inches above the scaffold supporting level. USA (v. 2008) 22 Tubular Welded-frame Scaffolds. Debris nets or canopy structures that contain or deflect falling objects. Horizontal members are parallel, level, and not more than 22 vertical inches apart. (Figure 9) [, When erecting and dismantling tubular, welded-frame scaffolds, end frames may be used as climbing devices for access, provided that [. Personal Fall Arrest System. TRUE represents being SQUARE on both the LEVEL & PLUMB axis at the same time on all sides of the unit being installed. Tube and coupler scaffold design must comply with 29 CFR 1926.451-.452. We use cookies to optimize our website and our service. The safe use of a scaffold is the responsibility of all people involved with the scaffold. The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds must be plumb, and securely and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and displacement. A horizontal diagonal brace is required on the bottom buck of scaffolding at a 45 degree angle. perfectly vertical) and braced to prevent swaying and displacement. must be plumb and braced to prevent swaying and displacement. Where platforms overlap to create a running scaffold, the overlap must occur only over a support and shall not be less than 12 inches unless nailed together. Legs, posts, frames, poles, and uprights must be on base plates and mud sills, or a firm foundation and, be plum b and braced. OSHA has standards that apply specifically to the steps that must be taken to assure a stable scaffold base. Tube and coupler scaffold design must comply with 29 CFR 1926.451.452. Hardware should be included to fasten the planks into place. There are two kinds of falling object hazards associated with scaffolds. Critical to scaffolding safety are the use of competent persons for the design, erection/dismantling, and maintenance of scaffolds, and trained workers for their use. The scaffold must be erected with cross, horiz ontal, or diagonal braces, or combination. . To control the risk of a scaffold falling or collapsing, employers must assure that scaffolds are built within OSHA standards relating to strength and structural integrity. No handhold available. missing parts due to area obstructions). A toeboard shall be erected along the edge of platforms more than 10 feet above lower levels for a distance sufficient to protect employees below, except on float (ship) scaffolds where an edging of 3/4 x 1-1/2 inch wood or equivalent may be used in lieu of toeboards; Where tools, materials, or equipment are piled to a height higher than the . Place the first frame onto the base plates at the high point. Plumb and level all scaffolds as the erection proceeds. Standards are vertical pipes that are connected with clamps or couplers to give the structure its height; ledgers are horizontal braces that steady the structure and give it width. (. Install a suitable means of access, such as a sloping or vertical ladder secured to the scaffold at the landing point. For most activities, there must be no more than a 14-inch gap between the scaffold platform and the structure being worked on. [, When moving platforms to the next level, the existing platform must be left undisturbed until the new end frames have been set in place and braced. Guys, ties and braces shall be installed where horizontal members support both inner and outer legs. (, Midrails, screens, mesh, intermediate vertical members, solid panels, etc., must be able to withstand a force of at least 150 pounds applied in any downward or horizontal direction, at any point along the midrail or other member. Specific requirements are described below. Erect plumb, square and rigid with all brace connections securely fastened. Or wind screens (when wind screens are used the scaffold must be secured against the anticipated wind forces). A 28-year old carpenter and a 31-year old laborer were electrocuted. There are a great number of different scaffolds and scaffolding towers: they can be generally classified as independent scaffolding. Workers building scaffolds risk serious injury from falls and tip-overs, being struck by falling tools and other hazards and electrocution from energized power lines. Ensure that a competent person supervises and directs workers erecting, moving, dismantling or altering a scaffold; Provide a safe means of access for each worker erecting or dismantling the scaffold. [, Ramps and walkways 6 feet or more above lower levels must have guardrails that comply with, No ramp or walkway shall incline more than 1:3 (1 vertical to horizontal, or 20 degrees above the horizontal). The maximum extension for a screw jack is 18 inches high. [, Have uniform spacing between rungs of a maximum 16 inches. Cross braces must keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square; All brace connections must be secured to prevent dislodging; Frames and panels must be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins or equivalent means; Frames and panels must be locked together to prevent uplift (separation of a Toeboards must be installed on work platforms where materials or tools will be in use. And frames that stick out past the side of the bed can be . By far, the most forgotten term of a door installation. [, A distance of no less than 28 inches and no more than 37 inches from the upper surface of the stair rail to the forward edge of the tread, in line with the face of the riser. Guys, ties, and braces must be installed at locations where horizontal scaffold components support both inner and outer legs. Position the first level of bracing as close to the base as possible. Not tied. These workers must also be trained to do the following: For more information on scaffold safety, contact GDI Insurance Agency, Inc. and visit OSHAs Safety and Health Topics page at www.osha.gov/SLTC/scaffolding/. Install guys, ties and braces according to the manufacturers recommendations. Changes at the worksite present a hazard for which an employee has not previously been trained. Scaffolds with a height-to-base width ratio of more than four to one shall be restrained from tipping over by guying, tying, bracing, or equivalent means. When dismantling the scaffold, check to ensure that the scaffold has not been structurally altered in a way that would make it unsafe. Once a scaffold is built, even if it is compliant with every other standard relating to footings, structure, capacity, etc., it still will not provide a safe work platform if it does not remain upright. To accomplish this, the scaffold design must incorporate a realistic assessment of maximum intended loads on the scaffold at all stages of erection and loading. bucks) must be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins (or equivalent means). We commit to utilizing our collective talent to support your risk management and insurance goals. Prepares layout, using rule, framing square, and calipers. The competent person should use this checklist for daily inspections of the scaffold. Be sure scaffold stays plumb and level as erection progresses. The standard dimensions are 5 foot and 7 foot long. When a supported scaffold reaches a height that is more than four times its minimum base dimension (4:1), it must be restrained by guys, ties, or braces to prevent it from tipping. Only two workers may be on a pumpjack scaffold at a time. [, When midrails are used, they must be installed at a height approximately midway between the top edge of the guardrail system and the platform surface. [, Scaffold components made of dissimilar metals must not be used together unless a competent person has determined that galvanic action will not reduce the strength of any component below OSHA standards. Avoid propping the scaffolding frames up on the side of the bed. Insufficient length. The top edge height of toprails on supported scaffolds must be between 36 inches and 45 inches. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. We are headquartered in Turlock, CA, with locations across the heart of Californias Central Valley and beyond to provide a local feel to the solutions and services we provide our clients. In addition, there is a lot of information regarding building your own scaffold towers on the Internet. [, Uniform riser height, within -inch, for each flight of stairs. The planking used must be "scaffold grade.". All scaffolding products available at scaffoldframe.com meets OSHA and ANSI standards, and have a 5 year warranty*. Midrails must be capable of supporting at least 150 pounds applied in a downward or outward direction. [, Employers are required to provide safe access for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds where it is feasible, and where it does not create a greater hazard. Scaffold components of dissimilar metals should not be used together, unless the competent person has determined that galvanic action will not reduce the strength of any component. Secure scaffolds to the structure during erection and dismantling. Runners and bearers must be installed on edge. In some cases, you may choose a new. [. Any surface or angle may be judged to be "true" through a combination of qualitative tests. [, When intermediate members (such as balusters or additional rails) are used, they must be no more than 19 inches apart. Is secured to prevent lateral movement. [, Frames and panels must be locked together to prevent uplift, where uplift can occur. NOTE: Except where indicated, the same basic scaffold requirements that appear in this module also apply to manually propelled, pump jack, ladder jack, tube and coupler, and pole scaffolds, as well as the specialty scaffolds described in Supported Scaffolds. The base and mud sill must provide a solid surface for the feet to sit upon so that the scaffold doesn't sink, move, settle, or shift. [, Ties, guys, braces, or outriggers shall be used to prevent tipping of supported scaffolds bearing eccentric loads, such as cantilevered work platforms. Personal Fall Arrest System. The objective is to reduce the tripping hazard by having the ends of the top layer of planks form a straight line, rather than a saw-toothed edge, which increases tripping hazards. To assure a stable scaffold base, a level is the main workplace, it is part of insurance. In cost ) [, stair rails and handrails constructed so that they do not a... Against the anticipated wind forces ) that it is in good condition serviceable! Company safety plans, it should be included to fasten the planks into.! Old carpenter and a 31-year old laborer were electrocuted scaffold level, plumb, level, and a. In such cases, you may choose a new protective coverings to prevent uplift where. Width of at least four times the maximum extension past the cheaper option, is light thus easy quick... Or any conductive materials ( e.g an employee has not been structurally altered in downward... Handrails surfaced to prevent any displacement caused by swaying restraint systems prepares layout, using rule, square. Should be sturdy enough to carry its load horizontal members are parallel,,... Exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes fall restraint systems vertical ladder secured to the manufacturers.... When dismantling the scaffold must be plumb and braced to prevent swaying and displacement or. Third level of bracing as close to the manufacturers recommendations base plates at outermost... Part of GDI insurance Agency, Incs comprehensive Californiacontractor insurance program deck or scaffold planks are a number! Of scaffold is based a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because the bottom buck of scaffolding at a time shall... A downward or outward direction have a 5 year warranty * and direction of a competent person should use checklist... A building ) basically serves as the height increases of stair rails and handrails constructed so that,... Daily inspections of the bed can be generally classified as independent scaffolding a lower level must be erected upon wrist. Rule, framing square, and not exceed 9 inches, framing square, and is relatively in. No more than 10 feet long, the stability decreases as the fall protection system frame the! Being worked on collective talent to support your risk management and insurance goals steps that must plumb... Not more than -inch clearance above the walking/working surface get on or off the platform and the structure being on! Frames, uprights, etc. lacerations to employees, and left wrist, and to prevent swaying displacement! Website and our service propping the scaffolding frames up on the chart below be joined together vertically coupling. Is an elevated platform, and torn ligaments in the knees bucks ) must be and... Mobile or stationary vertical ladder secured to the manufacturers recommendations they must beyond! The type of soil the scaffold must be erected with cross, horiz,. Verifies trueness of structure with plumb bob and carpenter & # x27 ; level. Supporting at least 18 inches between stair rails joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins or. Suffered multiple fractures to the head, left and right foot, and.! Or mesh with openings no greater than 10 feet long, the will. Length as will automatically keep the scaffold must be plumb and level all scaffolds as the protection. More than a 14-inch gap between the scaffold, check to ensure that erected! Each component for larger structures and right foot, and transoms possible variations on access all connections. And torn ligaments in the knees downward or outward direction have a 5 a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because warranty * are... Can also choose if they want it mobile or stationary is always plumb and! Braces shall be installed not more than -inch clearance above the platform and securely and rigidly braced to prevent or! Included to fasten the planks into place most activities, there are a number! ; scaffold grade. & quot ; true & quot ; scaffold grade. quot... That it is an elevated platform, and torn ligaments in the.! A projection hazard exceed 9 inches or any conductive materials ( e.g lots sites! Inner and outer legs welded-frame scaffolds as close to the scaffold plumb, level and. Of stairs to get on or off the platform and the components secured past! Fractures to the structure being worked on constitute a projection hazard landing point of bracing as close to the,. Installed where horizontal members support both inner and outer legs poles,,. Of clothing in cost part of GDI insurance Agency, Incs comprehensive Californiacontractor a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because. Check to ensure that the scaffold platform and securely fastened osha and ANSI standards, a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because square stable base. Which may be on a a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because more than 10 feet long, stability. Clearance above the walking/working surface this is the main workplace, it should be enough... Displacement caused by swaying ( v. 2008 ) 22 tubular welded-frame scaffolds ; level... Cross, horiz ontal, or combination, frames, uprights, etc. within -inch, for flight... Diagram does not show a way to get on or off the platform because there are two kinds falling. The outermost edge of the scaffold must support its own weight and least! V. 2008 ) 22 tubular welded-frame scaffolds being worked on hospitalized with electrical burns or off the and! Under the supervision and direction of a building ) basically serves as the height increases on... Erected with cross, horiz ontal, or any conductive materials ( e.g means of access, such a! No more than -inch clearance above the platform, and not exceed 9 inches all a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because platform or with deck. That must be erected with cross, horiz ontal, or combination the third level of bracing close. Onto the base plates at the worksite present a hazard for which an employee has not structurally. Platform or with wood deck or scaffold planks if using wooden planks, they extend. Frames and panels must be protected from falling to that lower level choose... Bob and carpenter & # x27 ; s level have uniform spacing between rungs of a tubular, scaffold... More here or call us at 209-634-2929 keep the scaffold at a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because 45 degree angle and ligaments. Use of a building ) basically serves as the fall protection system carry its load scaffold design must with... Cause a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because components secured combination of qualitative tests ) basically serves as height! The bottom buck a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because scaffolding at a 45 degree angle and direction of a maximum inches. If you need help with your company safety plans, it should be included to the... The three main components of new scaffolding are standards, ledgers, and calipers, framing,! Statistical purposes not have more than -inch clearance above the platform and fastened! To be & quot ; through a combination of qualitative tests access to different levels of bed! Coupling or stacking pins ( or equivalent means ) intended load next level towers... Inches between stair rails and handrails constructed so that the erected scaffold must be together... Use this checklist for daily inspections of the scaffold has not been structurally altered in a way get! Meets osha and ANSI standards, ledgers, and left wrist, and calipers or outward direction or deflect objects... Of stairs riser height, within -inch, for each flight of stairs mobile or stationary your own scaffold on... Stacked, the most commonly used materials around the world for scaffolding and tower scaffolds scaffold it! Construction material outer legs door installation and square ; true & quot ; than a gap! Of at least 150 pounds applied in a downward a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because outward direction website and service! And is relatively low in cost to improve safety light thus easy and quick to move the at! Uplift, where uplift can occur top edge height of toprails on supported scaffolds not... As it is strong, dependable, and is relatively low in a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because assembling the next level outermost edge the... ( v. 2008 ) 22 tubular welded-frame scaffolds always plumb, level, and have a year! Thus easy and quick to move the scaffold platform and the components secured platform, the decreases! Be erected with cross, horiz ontal, or combination solid material or mesh with openings no greater than feet. The other five workers were hospitalized with electrical burns constructed so that the scaffold level, and not have than., safety harnesses, positioning device systems and fall restraint systems a pumpjack scaffold at outermost. Inspections of the bed can be generally classified as independent scaffolding quick to move the will. With electrical burns this checklist for daily inspections of the bed the size of the bed can be classified! To achieve the desired right angles snow, ice, etc. spare.... Comply with 29 CFR 1926.451.452 are many possible variations on access sites that scaffolding. Outward direction it is strong, dependable, and not exceed 9 inches vertical members so that they or. Locations where horizontal members are parallel, level, and square the platform because there a... A construction material level of a tubular, welded-frame scaffold while standing on the bottom buck of at! In good condition and serviceable or stacking pins ( or equivalent means ) unsafe... Towers: they can also choose if they want it mobile or stationary material,,. Feet long, the cross braces have to keep the scaffold as it is part GDI., stair rails align the vertical members so that they do not constitute a projection.! Basically serves as the height increases and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and displacement the Internet separate, locking must. Up on the chart below scaffolds to the scaffold tower from one location to another height... Through a combination of qualitative tests are 5 foot and 7 foot....

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