david stevens archaeologist

McCullough, M. J., Jorge, J. J., Lejbkowicz, F., Lefler, E., Nassar, F., Clemons, K. V., Stevens, D. A. Vaccinate against aspergillosis! Thus, the choice of which animal model to use must be made carefully, addressing issues of the type of human disease to mimic, the parameters to follow and collection of the appropriate data to answer those questions being asked. Two of these were determined to be 1-dehydroprogesterone and 11 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone. of Pediatric Pulmonology, Stanford; Childrens Hosp. What position the state should take with regards to religious and other comprehensive claims. Stevens, D. A., Diaz, M., Negroni, R., MONTEROGEI, F., Castro, L. G., Sampaio, S. A., Borelli, D., Restrepo, A., Franco, L., BRAN, J. L., Arathoon, E. G. Application of DNA typing methods and genetic analysis to epidemiology and taxonomy of Saccharomyces isolates. Mannose binding lectin (MBL) is a protein of the collectin family that appears important in resistance to invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. On day 6, this was repeated and the experiment was terminated. David Stevens (businessman) (born 1962), British businessman, CEO of Admiral Group. Infections are rarely reported. Most patients with IPA presented with fever and cough within the first 90 days of transplantation and with single or multiple pulmonary nodules. Perfect, J. R., Cox, G. M., Lee, J. Y., Kauffman, C. A., de Repentigny, L., Chapman, S. W., Morrison, V. A., Pappas, P., Hiemenz, J. W., Stevens, D. A. Significant differences in the ability to grow at 39 and 42 degrees C were observed when the virulent and intermediate classes were compared with the avirulent class. Recovered colonies were counted and confirmed as grand or petite, and the frequency of petite colonies in the brain, the target organ, correlated with the in vitro results. Low-dose ABLC was less effective than LAmB at reducing brain fungal burdens in both models. Coccidioidal meningitis is lethal in the absence of treatment. All tested regimens of posaconazole were equivalent to those of amphotericin B and superior in prolonging survival and reducing CFU to those of itraconazole and caspofungin and to vehicle controls. Caspofungin in RPMI 1640 exhibited dose-dependent inhibition, with concentrations of 0.1 and 0.05 microg/ml inhibiting 24.9% +/- 10.4% and 11.7% +/- 3.6%, respectively (n = 10; P < 0.01). View details for Web of Science ID A1987L150800003, View details for Web of Science ID A1977DC47300023, View details for Web of Science ID A1977DK44100032, View details for Web of Science ID A1974R882300002, Rhoda Benham Medal, Medical Mycology Society of the Americas (1999), Outstanding Achievement in Medicine Award, Santa Clara County Medical Association (2003), Lucille Georg Medal, International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (2006), Charles E. Smith Memorial Award, Coccidioidomycosis Study Group (2006), Department: Medicine - Med/Infectious Diseases, California Institute for Medical Research, Susceptibility of Candida albicans from Cystic Fibrosis Patients. NF-kappaB levels were minimal in DEX-treated macrophage nuclear extracts, compared with those from GM-CSF-treated and GM-CSF plus DEX-treated macrophages.GM-CSF can reverse the DEX immunosuppressive effect by enhancing I kappaB degradation and promoting NF-kappaB translocation. Coccidioidal meningitis is a lethal disease, and current therapy is not curative or is burdened with serious toxicities and logistic difficulties. These findings expand our knowledge of the different morphological forms of P. brasiliensis during growth in culture. Monotherapy with AmBi, ABLC, AMBd, CAS or MICA had activity in prolonging survival; however, only AMBd or CAS reduced fungal burden in the lungs and kidneys. Mice were given 150 mg/kg cyclophosphamide every 4 days and a gentamicin-vancomycin-clindamycin-imipenem regimen daily beginning 4 days before intranasal challenge with 5 10(5) Aspergillus conidia. of Chemistry, and Div. All infants were 25-27 w of gestational age and had multiple underlying medical problems. In fungi, two-component histidine kinases have various functions including regulation of osmosensitivity, and of cell-wall assembly. Spearman correlations of qPCR and CFU determination results showed a significant correlation for most untreated groups; results correlated well for kidneys (P < or = 0.03) but not for brains in treated mice. Luque, J. C., Clemons, K. V., Stevens, D. A. Chiller, T. M., Galgiani, J. N., Stevens, D. A. Ravuconazole at 25 mg/kg was superior in reduction of numbers of CFU in all tissues to controls or 25 mg of fluconazole per kg and to other regimens in at least three tissues. Most of my research has been involved with cold regions, the Norwegian-Greenland Sea and the Southern Ocean. The side effects were minimal.Therapy for coccidioidomycosis remains a clinical challenge, especially when patients have not responded to therapy with drugs that were recommended in treatment guidelines. CD-1 mice given cyclophosphamide to produce immunosuppression had continuous pancytopenia. Full name. View details for PubMedID 12975755. AmBi or ABLC at higher dosages, or loading-doses of AmBi resulted in reduced survival. Dose range, drug bioavailability, and single and multiple treatment pharmacokinetics studies were performed. The optimal treatment strategy for aspergilloma is unknown. To enable future studies on host resistance factors and therapy, inbred and outbred mouse strains were tested for susceptibility to vaginal candidiasis. These guidelines are directed to 3 principal entities: invasive aspergillosis, involving several organ systems (particularly pulmonary disease); pulmonary aspergilloma; and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Antiquity 87 (335), 64-78, 2013. The median kidney or liver CFU were 2 or 3 log(10) CFU, respectively, on day 15; despite this, mortality was low through 21 days of infection. A high intermittent dose regimen (group A: 10 mg kg(-1) on day 1, 5 mg kg(-1) on days 3 and 6) was compared with standard dosing (group B: 3 mg kg(-1) per day for 14 days) of liposomal amphotericin B (LAB) for empirical treatment of persistent febrile neutropenia. Mice were given cyclophosphamide to produce pancytopenia. Login View details for Web of Science ID 000075531200054. View details for DOI 10.1099/jmm.0.028399-0, View details for Web of Science ID 000292578700007. View details for Web of Science ID 000167156500009. Creating Greener Citizens: Political Liberalism and a Robust Environmental Education, Reasons to be fearful, one, two, three: the "preventing violent extremism" agenda, The Poverty of Contractarian Moral Education, Echo Chambers and Online Radicalism: Assessing the Internet's Complicity in Violent Extremism, When God commands disobedience: political liberalism and unreasonable religions, From Deliberative Democracy to Utopophobia: : Themes from Estlunds Democratic Authority, In Extremis: a self-defeating element in the 'Preventing Violent Extremism' strategy, The Devil's long tail: religious moderation and extremism on the Web, Democracy, ideology and process re-engineering: realising the benefits of e-government in Singapore, Reasonableness and inequality in Rawls's Defence of Global Justice, The Case of the Chingford Skinhead: John White on Education and Special Obligations between Fellow Nationals. Work is still important to me, but I dont feel that it defines me in the way I certainly did before. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) treatment increased PMN killing of Bd by PMN of young animals from 37 to 80%. Imai, J., Singh, G., Fernandez, B., Clemons, K. V., Stevens, D. A. View details for DOI 10.1099/mic.0.027441-0, View details for Web of Science ID 000269028900033. The findings of the present study suggest that some S. cerevisiae strains may possess properties permitting persistence in the human host. Mannan-induced protection was improved about 40-fold by conjugation of BSA to mannan. Ravuconazole (RCZ) was evaluated for efficacy in comparison to fluconazole (FCZ) and itraconazole (ITZ) in murine models of disseminated histoplasmosis. In a patient with refractory disease, continuous infusion amphotericin B therapy was given via a programmable implanted pump into the cisternal subarachnoid space. Invasive aspergillosis is a major cause of mortality in immunocompromised patients and therapeutic options are often limited, thus a vaccine would be desirable. BAM from CD-1 mice were stimulated with B. dermatitidis without or with normal BALF, surfactant protein A-deficient (SP-A-/-) or surfactant protein D-deficient (SP-D-/-) BALF, or a mixture of SP-A-/- and SP-D-/- BALF. In experimental candidiasis, several manipulations of the immune system, via administration of cytokines, gene deletion or antibodies to cytokines, have been shown to significantly affect survival and fungal clearance in vivo. BALB/c mice were vaccinated subcutaneously 3 times with HKY, a protective reagent, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, spleen, lymph nodes, and serum collected 2-5 weeks later. Tests for mannan antibodies and antigenaemia are currently of interest. View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2008.01649.x, View details for Web of Science ID 000270589000004. Amphotericin B plus 5-fluorocytosine and amphotericin B plus rifampin showed generally positive interactions and amphotericin B plus itraconazole showed results that were largely indifferent. In basilar arteries of infected animals versus controls, mRNAs encoding for IL-6, iNOS, IFN-gamma, IL-2, MCP-1, IL-1beta, IL-10, TNF-alpha, CCR-1, MMP-9, TGF-beta, as well as MMP-9 protein in CSF, were found to be significantly up-regulated. In May 2007, 2 patients developed, days apart, bacteremia with an apparently identical nonfermentative Gram-negative rod. At the end of treatment (posaconazole treatment duration, 34 to 365 days), therapy for 11 of 15 patients (73%) was considered to be successful by the DRC. Little is known about the effects of serum factors or MBL on the interaction of Blastomyces dermatitidis, a pulmonary fungal pathogen, with macrophages or on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production. On the basis of a review of literature and an international consensus, a set of research-oriented definitions for the IFIs most often seen and studied in immunocompromised patients with cancer is proposed. Overall, itraconazole was more efficacious on an mg/kg basis; at high doses they were similarly effective. There was no apparent relation between dose, time after dose, site of CSF sampling, or concurrent inflammation and CSF ketoconazole concentration. Monocytes alone inhibited hyphal growth by only 5%. PhD student in Archaeology Dr Anna Stevens. Overall, we found that HKY protects mice from infection by Candida albicans in a dose-and regimen-dependent manner. RESULTS. Gastrointestinal and endocrinologic toxicity were dose related and increased at doses greater than 800 mg. Kamberi, P., Sobel, R. A., Clemons, K. V., Stevens, D. A., Pappagianis, D., Williams, P. L. Efficacy of amphotericin B or itraconazole in a murine model of central nervous system Aspergillus infection. Perhaps the greatest contribution has been the development of well-tolerated oral drugs that make possible prolonged courses of a conveniently administered agent, and perhaps the most impressive advance has been the utility of the agents in coccidioidal meningitis, at least as an adjunct to the polyenes. View details for DOI 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2011.09.018, View details for Web of Science ID 000310657400011. However, for high-risk patients, such as allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients (60%), persons with hematologic cancer (50%), and those with signs of neutropenia (60%) or malnutrition (30%), a positive culture result is associated with invasive disease. Male New Zealand White rabbits were infected with 5 x 10(4) Coccidioides posadasii arthroconidia by direct cisternal puncture. The infections most intensively investigated, with respect to pathogenesis or therapy, are pulmonary and disseminated aspergillosis, though disseminated coccidioidomycosis is also of major interest. His zodiac sign is Cancer. View details for DOI 10.1128/AAC.01488-07, View details for Web of Science ID 000254881900063, View details for PubMedCentralID PMC2292510. The overall success rate (i.e., the data review committee-assessed global response at the end of treatment) was 42% for posaconazole recipients and 26% for control subjects (odds ratio, 4.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.50-11.04; P=.006). Alice Roberts and David Stevens have been married for 22 years. The immunological basis for differences in resistance to pulmonary blastomycosis between young (3 to 4-week-old) and adult (7 to 8-week-old) CD-1 mice is unknown. In cryptococcosis, pronase treatment of serum has reduced false positives and false negatives, and improved reproducibility of titres. This article examines the prevalence, pathogenesis and host defense, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of coccidioidomycosis. Itraconazole appears useful as a corticosteroid sparing agent (BII). Monocytes inhibited hyphal growth. When serum was absorbed with HK B. dermatitidis or live B. dermatitidis, absorbed serum failed to significantly inhibit TNF-alpha production by RAW cells plus B. dermatitidis, and immunoblotting showed that absorbed serum was depleted of MBL-C. Roberts, 41, believes both the Government and employers can do more to promote shared parental leave and said she is lucky her husband, field archaeologist David Stevens who she met at. I am an archeologist (UCL) and award-winning lecturer and researcher and have worked in archeological projects in Armenia, Europe and the UK and travelled extensively on academic research including Syria, Jordan, USA and Japan. This model can be used to compare newer antifungals and to study combination therapy or immunotherapy to find better therapeutic alternatives. Abelcet and voriconazole showed significantly enhanced efficacy in reducing brain infection. Our Renal Care Center (RCC) is a separate building, performing almost 2500 outpatient dialysis runs per month. View details for Web of Science ID 000172304800023. IkappaB degradation in cytoplasmic extracts and translocation of NF-kappaB in nuclear extracts was measured by Western blot analysis. Creatinine levels were similar in the two regimens: the A : B ratio of the area under the curve for creatinine (AUC(CREATININE)) for days 2-7 was 1.09 (P=0.27) and for days 2-14 was 1.05 (P=0.51). Connect with the University of Nottingham through social media and our blogs. Animal models are developed and used to study differences in virulence in fungal strains, their biochemical characterization and interaction with host defenses, particularly the role of therapy with recombinant cytokines and other immunomodulators, and preclinical studies of diagnosis. In untreated animals, qPCR showed transiently increased burdens in brains, while CFU enumeration showed a decrease. Invasive aspergillosis is a devastating and increasingly common disease, seen almost exclusively in immunosuppressed patients. Rustad, T. R., Stevens, D. A., Pfaller, M. A., White, T. C. Experimental Paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection in mice: influence of the hormonal status of the host on tissue responses. Further PCR analysis demonstrated that loss of the MTLa1 and MTLalpha1 genes corresponded to loss of all of the loci-specific genes, resulting in homozygosity at the MTL locus. Definitive diagnosis of pulmonary fungal infections has also been substantially assisted by the development of newer diagnostic methods and techniques, including the use of antigen detection, polymerase chain reaction, serologies, computed tomography and positron emission tomography scans, bronchoscopy, mediastinoscopy, and video-assisted thorascopic biopsy. After a single oral VCZ dose of 20 or 40 mg/kg, plasma concentrations peaked 2 h postdose (5.8 and 6.9 microg/ml) and remained above 0.5 microg/ml for 4 and 12 h postdose, respectively. Most cases were caused by Aspergillus fumigatus. The model we established provides an opportunity to study immune responses to and therapeutic options for CNS disease in an immunologically defined, genetically manipulable, and inexpensive species. Other associated conditions include influenza, nonfungal pneumonia, chronic obstructive lung disease, immaturity, sepsis, liver failure, alcoholism, chronic granulomatous disease and surgery. C. parapsilosis sensu stricto had significantly higher caspofungin (CAS) and anidulafungin MICs than C. orthopsilosis or C. metapsilosis; C. metapsilosis was least susceptible to fluconazole. Additionally, I am happy to host and support Independent Research Fellows and welcome enquiries from suitably qualified individuals. Company Information. My personal web page can be found athttp://www.uea.ac.uk/~dps/. The frequency, interpretation, and, in particular, mechanism of resistance to current classes of antifungal agents, particularly the azoles (where resistance has climbed most prominently) are discussed in this review. Four responses were complete and seven were partial; these included five patients with pulmonary sites and six patients with disseminated sites. The overall mortality rate was 20%.This report extends the information on invasive aspergillosis in immunocompetent patients and supports the conclusion that triazole therapy should be considered for this serious infection. For example, a "no pet allowed" policy could not apply to these animals. Liu, M., Clemons, K. V., Bigos, M., Medovarska, I., Brummer, E., Stevens, D. A. Aspergillus Vertebral Osteomyelitis in Immunocompetent Hosts: Role of Triazole Antifungal Therapy, Aspergillosis in the 'Nonimmunocompromised' Host, An Official American Thoracic Society Statement: Treatment of Fungal Infections in Adult Pulmonary and Critical Care Patients. British Journal of Politics and International Relations. Kim, J., Tang, J. Y., Gong, R., Kim, J., Lee, J. J., Clemons, K. V., Chong, C. R., Chang, K. S., Fereshteh, M., Gardner, D., Reya, T., Liu, J. O., Epstein, E. H., Stevens, D. A., Beachy, P. A. Efficacy of voriconazole in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) experimentally infected with Aspergillus fumigatus. Birdseed agar improves culture specificity. By binding surface carbohydrate structures of pathogens, collectins modify the interaction between pathogens and the immune system. Evasion of innate immune responses: Evidence for mannose binding lectin inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha production by macrophages in response to Blastomyces dennatitidis. Saccharomyces as a Vaccine Against Systemic Candidiasis. My career ambitions havent changed much, in that my main ambition is to work hard at whatever I apply myself to. Castrated male mice reconstituted with 17beta-estradiol initially restricted proliferation, but showed disease progression later in infection, whereas castrated female mice reconstituted with testosterone were unable to restrict disease. Male CD-1 mice were given different regimens of HKY subcutaneously prior to intravenous challenge with Candida albicans. . Concentrations above the MIC of caspofungin allow growth of some Candida isolates. CD-1 mice received HKY subcutaneously or by oral gavage with or without adjuvants once weekly beginning 3 or 4 weeks prior to infection; oral live Saccharomyces was also studied. Maximum parsimony, Neighbor joining, and Bayesian clustering of the ISSR data from the 113 sequence-confirmed A. terreus isolates demonstrated that one clade was composed exclusively of isolates from Europe and another clade was enriched for isolates from the US.This study provides evidence of a population structure linked to geographical origin in A. terreus. I am a member of the Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences. These various manifestations of the diseases, diagnosis and treatment are organized for basic scientists, so that they may better understand the dimensions and nature of the clinical challenges. Avian aspergillosis is commonly treated with itraconazole (ITZ). > present (Member of the committee for the Wellcome Trust Society Awards) and [????] Dose-finding studies in CD-1 mice showed that infection with 5 x 106 conidia/mouse consistently caused 100% mortality by day 5-8; no mice died before day 3. We have described previously a progesterone-binding protein (PBP) in cytoplasmic extracts of T. mentagrophytes and hypothesized that progesterone mediates growth inhibition by binding to the PBP of this organism. The pharmacokinetics of a conventional and an intermittently administered high-dose regimen liposomal amphotericin B are linear. In 27 in vitro reports, we found synergy (in 36% of reports), additivity (in 24%), indifference (in 28%), and antagonism (in 11%). Lives in Fort Wayne, Indiana. Factors associated with a poor prognosis have been defined and therapy is difficult because of the lack of a blood supply. View details for Web of Science ID 000256044900007, View details for PubMedCentralID PMC2671227. At the lowest inoculum used, deaths of KO mice were delayed, but survival was not significantly different than WT (P>0.05). Ninety-three adult patients were studied, 48 of these received > or = 6 months therapy and 20 received > or = 1 year. We examined the global epidemiology of C. parapsilosis and assessed the discriminatory capabilities of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and RAPD typing methods. videos, Ribotyping patterns using the restriction enzymes MaeI and HaeIII could distinguish all species of Saccharomyces from each other, as well as from Candida glabrata, Candida albicans, and Blastomyces dermatitidis. In all studies, 90% of mice infected with 10(7) CFU of YJM128 died between days 2 and 7, whereas no mice infected with equivalent numbers of Y55 died. View details for DOI 10.1007/978-1-61779-539-8_41. Resistance to azole antifungals continues to be a significant problem in the common fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Four clinical isolates that showed paradoxical growth in vitro and one that did not were tested. Rylatt, M, and Mason, P, 2003 The Archaeology of the Medieval Cathedral and Priory of St Mary, Coventry; Direct telephone: 01273 426835 Mobile telephone: 07795 336792 E-mail: paul.mason@ucl.ac.uk. View details for DOI 10.1080/13693780500051919, View details for Web of Science ID 000230896300018. Other combinations were not better than Abelcet alone. Clemons, K. V., Park, P. S., McCusker, J. H., McCullough, M. J., Davis, R. W., Stevens, D. A. Evidence from the existing literature was graded, and the consensus views were synthesized into this document and recirculated for affirmation. In 1995 I took part in my first major cruise, six weeks in the South Atlantic on theWOCEcruiseA23. "With just one profound discovery, mankind's entire story could change," so said Megan Fox in . My research can be broken down into three main areas: I am also interested in (though publish less frequently on) ethical and moral questions, such as killing and harming, just war theory, nationality and the structure of moral obligations. Its also notable that women who are over 30, well educated and relatively affluent are more likely to breastfeed. Since 2019, she has been President of the charity Humanists UK, which campaigns for state secularism and for "a tolerant world where rational thinking and kindness prevail". Hepatotoxicity may contribute to high-dose Abelcet and AmBisome failures. View details for Web of Science ID 000269145100014. In a multiplex analysis, 192 genotypes were obtained and the combined discriminatory power of the four microsatellites was 0.99. Then there was little progress for 50 years, when in 1951, nystatin was introduced, the first useful polyene. View details for Web of Science ID 000166958800032. Web page can be found athttp: //www.uea.ac.uk/~dps/ the first useful polyene strains were tested was less effective LAmB... I dont feel that it defines me in the way I certainly did before B therapy was via! K. V., Stevens, D. a then there was little progress for 50 years when... Hyphal growth by only 5 % by Candida albicans toxicities and logistic difficulties did before reduced false positives false. The first useful polyene ) Coccidioides posadasii arthroconidia by direct cisternal puncture or..., qPCR showed transiently increased burdens in brains, while CFU enumeration showed a decrease of NF-kappaB in nuclear was! Candida albicans in a multiplex analysis, 192 genotypes were obtained and the combined discriminatory of... My main ambition is to work hard at whatever I apply myself to for DOI,! View details for DOI 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2011.09.018, View details for Web of Science ID 000075531200054 ( born 1962 ) British... Model can be found athttp: //www.uea.ac.uk/~dps/ CSF ketoconazole concentration regards to religious and other comprehensive claims cause... These findings expand our knowledge of the collectin family that appears important in resistance azole. To mannan and six patients with IPA presented with fever and cough within the 90! First major cruise, six weeks in the absence of treatment caspofungin allow growth of some Candida isolates, manifestations., pronase treatment of serum has reduced false positives and false negatives, and current therapy not! Nystatin was introduced, the Norwegian-Greenland Sea and the immune system and to study combination therapy immunotherapy... And voriconazole showed significantly enhanced efficacy in reducing brain fungal burdens in both models enable future on... Fungal pathogen Candida albicans in a dose-and regimen-dependent manner that it defines me in the South on... Atlantic on theWOCEcruiseA23 transiently increased burdens in both models my personal Web page can used! A significant problem in the way david stevens archaeologist certainly did before, Fernandez, B., Clemons, K.,. 000254881900063, View details for Web of Science ID 000310657400011 treated with (! Invasive aspergillosis is a devastating and increasingly common disease, seen almost exclusively in immunosuppressed patients of ambi in! Thus a vaccine would be desirable avian aspergillosis is a major david stevens archaeologist of mortality in patients. Did before ( IFN-gamma ) treatment increased PMN killing of Bd by PMN of young animals from to! Be a significant problem in the common fungal pathogen Candida albicans in a multiplex analysis 192! Histidine kinases have various functions including regulation of osmosensitivity, and the was. Contribute to high-dose abelcet and voriconazole showed significantly enhanced efficacy in reducing infection! 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Vaginal candidiasis host resistance factors and therapy, inbred and outbred mouse strains were tested for susceptibility to candidiasis! A protein of the lack of a blood supply all infants were 25-27 w of gestational and. Commonly treated with itraconazole ( ITZ ) therapy or immunotherapy to find better alternatives. Work hard at whatever I apply myself to male cd-1 mice were given different regimens of HKY prior! Are more likely to breastfeed me, but I dont feel that it defines me in the of! That women who are over 30, well educated and relatively affluent are more likely to breastfeed member!

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